Messico¶

Webinar¶

A video on the Mexican localization is also available. This video covers how to implement this localization from scratch, including how to set up the configurations, how to complete common workflows, and provides an in-depth look at several specific use cases, as well.

Video webinar of a complete demo.

Introduzione¶

The Odoo Mexican localization modules allow for the signing of electronic invoices, according to the specifications of the SAT for version 4.0 of the CFDI, a legal requirement, as of January 1, 2022. These modules also add relevant accounting reports (such as: the DIOT, enables foreign trade, and the creation of delivery guides).

Nota

In order to electronically sign any documents in Odoo, ensure the Sign application is installed.

Configurazione¶

Requisiti¶

È necessario soddisfare i seguenti requisiti prima di configurare i moduli di localizzazione messicana in Odoo:

Be registered in the SAT, with a valid RFC.
Have a Certificate of Digital Seal (CSD).
Choose a PAC (Proveedor Autorizado de Certificación / Authorized Certification Provider). Currently, Odoo works with the following PACs: Solución Factible, Quadrum (formerly Finkok) and SW Sapien - Smarter Web.
Have knowledge and experience with billing, sales, and accounting in Odoo. This documentation only contains the necessary information needed to use Odoo.

Installing modules¶

Install the following modules to get all the features of the Mexican localization. The Accounting and Contacts modules are required to be installed for this configuration:

Nome	Nome tecnico	Descrizione
Messico - Contabilità	`l10n_mx`	The default fiscal localization package, adds accounting characteristics for the Mexican localization, such as: the most common taxes and the chart of accounts – based on the SAT account grouping code.
EDI per il Messico	`l10n_mx_edi`	Includes all the technical and functional requirements to generate and validate Electronics Documents — based on the technical documentation published by the SAT. This allows you to send invoices (with or without addedums) and payment complements to the government.
EDI v4.0 for Mexico	`l10n_mx_edi_40`	Necessary to create XML documents with the correct specifications of the CFDI 4.0.
Report di localizzazione messicana Odoo	`l10n_mx_reports`	Adapts reports for Mexico’s Electronic Accounting: Chart of Accounts, Trial Balance, and DIOT.
Mexico - Localization Reports for Closing	`l10n_mx_reports_closing`	Necessary to create the Closing Entry (Also known as the month 13th move).
Esportazione Polizas XML Messicano Odoo	`l10n_mx_xml_polizas`	Allows the export of XML files of Journal Entries for a compulsory audit.
Odoo Mexican XML Polizas Export Edi bridge	`l10n_mx_xml_polizas_edi`	Complements the module `l10n_mx_xml_polizas`.

Nota

When installing a database from scratch and selecting Mexico as the country, Odoo automatically installs the following modules: Mexico - Accounting, EDI for Mexico, and EDI v4.0 for Mexico.

The following modules are optional. It’s recommended to install them only if meeting a specific requirement. Make sure that they are needed for the business.

Nome	Nome tecnico	Descrizione
EDI per il Messico (Funzionalità avanzate)	`l10n_mx_edi_extended`	Adds the external trade complement to invoices: A legal requirement for selling products to foreign countries.
EDI v4.0 for Mexico (COMEX)	`l10n_mx_edi_extended_40`	Adapts the module `l10n_mx_edi_extended` for CFDI 4.0.
Messico - Guida di consegna elettronica	`l10n_mx_edi_stock`	Consente di creare una Carta Porte: una bolla di accompagnamento che dimostra al governo che si stanno inviando merci tra A e B con un documento elettronico firmato.
Electronic Delivery Guide for Mexico CFDI 4.0	`l10n_mx_edi_stock_40`	Adapts the module `l10n_mx_edi_stock` for CFDI 4.0
Localizzazione Messicana Odoo per Magazzino/Landing	`l10n_mx_edi_landing`	Consente di gestire i numeri doganali relativi ai costi di trasporto nei documenti elettronici.

Configura la tua azienda¶

After installing the correct modules, the next step is to verify that your company is configured with the correct data. To do so, go to Settings ‣ General Settings ‣ Companies, and select Update Info under your company name.

Enter the full Address in the resulting form, including: ZIP code, State, Country, and RFC (VAT number).

According to the requirements of the CFDI 4.0, the name of the main company contact must coincide with your business name registered in the SAT, without the legal entity abbreviation.

Main company contact requirements for a correct invoicing.

Importante

From a legal point of view, a Mexican company must use the local currency (MXN). Therefore, Odoo does not provide features to manage an alternative configuration. If you want to manage another currency, let MXN be the default currency and use a pricelist, instead.

Next, go to Settings ‣ Accounting ‣ Electronic Invoicing (MX) ‣ Fiscal Regime, then select the regime that applies to your company from the drop-down list, and click Save.

Fiscal regime configuration in the Accounting settings.

Suggerimento

If you want to test the Mexican localization, the company can be configured with a real address within Mexico (including all fields), and add EKU9003173C9 as the VAT and ESCUELA KEMPER URGATE as the Company Name. For the Fiscal Regime, use General de Ley Personas Morales.

Contatti¶

To create a contact that can be invoiced, go to Contacts ‣ Create. Then, enter the contact name, full Address including: ZIP code, State, Country, and RFC (VAT number).

Importante

As with your own company, all of your contacts needs to have their correct business name registered in the SAT. This also applies to the Fiscal Regime, which needs to be added in the MX EDI tab.

Imposte¶

Some additional configurations for factor type and tax objects need to be added to the sales taxes in order to properly sign invoices.

Tipo di fattore¶

The Factor Type field is pre-loaded in the default taxes. If new taxes are created, you need to make sure to configure this field. To do so, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Taxes, then enable the Factor Type field in the Advanced Options tab for all records, with the Tax Type set as Sales.

Factor Type Sales tax type configuration.

Suggerimento

Il Messico gestisce due diversi tipi di IVA allo 0% per soddisfare due scenari:

0% VAT set the Factor Type as Tasa
VAT Exempt set the Factor Type as Exento

Oggetto fiscale¶

One requirement of the CFDI 4.0 is that the resulting XML file needs (or does not need) to break down the taxes of the operation. There are three different possible values that are added in the XML file:

01: Not subject to tax - this value is added automatically if your invoice line doesn’t contain any taxes.
02: Subject to tax - this is the default configuration of any invoice line that contains taxes.
03: Subject to tax and not forced to break down - this value can be triggered on-demand for certain customers to replace the value 02.

To use the 03 value, navigate to Contacts ‣ your customer’s invoice ‣ MX EDI tab, and activate the No Tax Breakdown checkbox.

No Tax Breakdown option on the MX EDI tab of the customer's invoice.

Importante

Il valore Nessuna ripartizione fiscale si applica solo a regimi fiscali e/o imposte specifici. Consultare prima il proprio commercialista per verificare se è necessario per la propria attività prima di apportare qualsiasi modifica.

Altre configurazioni fiscali¶

When registering a payment, Odoo will carry out the movement of taxes from the Cash Basis Transition Account to the account set in the Definition tab. For such movement, a tax base account will be used: (Base Imponible de Impuestos en Base a Flujo de Efectivo) in the journal entry when reclassifying taxes. Do not delete this account.

If you create a new tax in Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Taxes, you need to add the correct Tax Grids for it (IVA, ISR or IEPS). Odoo only supports these three groups of taxes.

Prodotti¶

To configure products, go to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Products, then select a product to configure, or Create a new one. In the Accounting tab, and in the UNSPSC Product Category field, select the category that represents the product. The process can be done manually, or through a bulk import.

Nota

All products need to have an SAT code associated with them in order to prevent validation errors.

Fatturazione elettronica¶

Credenziali PAC¶

After you have processed your Private Key (CSD) with the SAT, you must register directly with the PAC of your choice before you start creating invoices from Odoo.

Once you’ve created your account with any of these providers, go to Settings ‣ Accounting ‣ Electronic Invoicing (MX). Under the MX PAC section, enter the name of your PAC with your credentials (PAC username and PAC password).

Configurazione delle credenziali PAC dalle impostazioni di Contabilità.

Suggerimento

If you do not have credentials, but want to test the electronic invoicing, you can activate the MX PAC test environment checkbox, and select Solucion Factible as the PAC. You do not need to add a username or password for a test environment.

Certificati .cer e .key¶

The digital certificates of the company must be uploaded within the MX Certificates section. To do so, navigate to Settings ‣ Accounting ‣ Electronic Invoicing (MX). Under the MX Certificates section, select Add a line, and a window will open. Click Create, and from there, upload your digital Certificate (.cer file), your Certificate Key (.key file), and your Certificate Password. To finish, click on Save & Close.

Suggerimento

If you still do not have one of the contracted PACs and you want to test electronic invoicing, you can use the following SAT test certificates:

Certificato
Chiave certificato
Password: 12345678a

Workflow¶

Fatturazione elettronica¶

Il processo di fatturazione in Odoo si basa sull”Allegato 20 versione 4.0 della fatturazione elettronica del SAT.

Fatture cliente¶

Per iniziare a fatturare da Odoo, è necessario creare una fattura cliente utilizzando il flusso di fatturazione standard.

Mentre il documento è in modalità bozza, è possibile apportarvi modifiche (è possibile aggiungere, ad esempio, il Metodo di pagamento o l”Uso corretto che il cliente potrebbe richiedere).

After you Confirm the customer invoice, a blue message appears stating: The invoice will be processed asynchronously by the following E-invoicing service: CFDI (4.0).

Pressing the Process Now button sends the document to the government so it can be signed. After receiving the signed document back from the government, the Fiscal Folio field appears on the document, and the XML file is attached in the chatter.

Suggerimento

If you click Retry in the SAT status field on the invoice, you can confirm if the XML file is valid in the SAT.

If you are in a testing environment, you will always receive the message Not Found.

To send the signed invoice to your client by mail, you can send both the XML and PDF files together, directly from Odoo, by clicking the Send & Print button. You can also download the PDF file to your computer, by clicking the Print button, and selecting the desired print option.

Note di credito¶

Mentre una fattura è un tipo di documento «I» (Ingreso), una nota di credito è un tipo di documento «E» (Egreso).

L’unica aggiunta al flusso standard per le note di credito è che, come requisito del SAT, deve esserci una relazione tra una nota di credito e una fattura attraverso il folio fiscale.

A causa di questo requisito, il campo Origine CFDI aggiunge questa relazione con un 01|, seguito dal folio fiscale della fattura originale.

Suggerimento

Affinché il campo Origine CFDI venga aggiunto automaticamente, utilizzare il pulsante Aggiungi nota di credito dalla fattura, invece di crearla manualmente.

Payment complements¶

Politica di pagamento¶

One addition of the Mexican localization is the Payment Policy field. According to the SAT documentation, there are two types of payments:

PUE (Pago en una Sola Exhibición/Payment in a Single Exhibition)
PPD (Pago en Parcialidades o Diferido/Payment in Installements or Deferred)

Vedi anche
Costi sbarcati

The difference lies in the Due Date or Payment Terms of the invoice.

To configure PUE invoices, navigate to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Invoices, and either select an invoice Due Date within the same month, or choose a payment term that does not imply changing the due month (immediate payment, 15 days, 21 days, all falling within the current month).

Suggerimento

Some Payment Terms are already installed by default, and can be managed from Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Payment Terms.

Per configurare le fatture PPD, accedere a Contabilità ‣ Clienti ‣ Fatture e selezionare una fattura con una Data di scadenza successiva al primo giorno del mese seguente. Questo vale anche se il Termine di pagamento è previsto nel mese seguente.

Importante

Because the PPD policy implies that an invoice is not going to get paid at the moment, the correct Payment Way for the PPD invoices is 99 - Por Definir (To define).

Flusso di pagamento¶

In both cases, the payment process in Odoo is the same, the main difference being payments related to PPD invoices trigger the creation of a document type «P» (Pago).

If a payment is related to a PUE invoice, it can be registered with the wizard, and be associated with the corresponding invoice. To do so, navigate to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Invoices, and select an invoice. Then, click the Register Payment button. The invoice status changes to In Payment, since the payment is effectively validated when it is bank reconciled.

Vedi anche

Riconciliazione bancaria

While this process is the same for PPD invoices, the addition of the creating an electronic document means some additional requirements are needed to correctly send the document to the SAT.

From an invoice, you need to confirm the specific Payment Way where you received the payment. Because of this, the Payment Way field cannot be set as 99 - Por Definir (To Define).

If you are going to add a bank account number in the Accounting tab of a customer’s contact card, it must have a valid account number.

Nota

Le configurazioni esatte si trovano nell”Anexo 20 del SAT. Di solito, il Conto bancario deve essere di 10 o 18 cifre per i bonifici, 16 per le carte di credito o debito.

If a payment is related to a signed invoice with the Payment Policy PPD, Odoo generates the corresponding payment complement automatically, once you click Process Now.

CFDI (4.0) E-invoicing service process payment now message.

Avvertimento

A payment in MXN cannot be used to pay multiple invoices in USD. Instead, the payment should be separated into multiple payments, using the Register Payment button on the corresponding invoices.

Annullamenti di fatture¶

È possibile annullare i documenti EDI inviati al SAT. Secondo la Reforma Fiscal 2022, dal 1° gennaio 2022 sono previsti due requisiti per questo:

With all cancellation requests, you must specify a cancellation reason.
Dopo 24 ore dalla creazione della fattura, è necessario chiedere al cliente di approvare l’annullamento. Se non c’è risposta entro 72 ore, l’annullamento viene elaborato automaticamente.

Gli annullamenti delle fatture possono essere effettuati per uno dei seguenti motivi:

01 - Fattura emessa con errori (con documento correlato)
02 - Fattura emessa con errori (nessuna sostituzione)
03 - L’operazione non è stata eseguita
04 - Operazione nominativa correlata alla fattura globale

To initiate a cancellation, go to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Invoices, select the posted invoice to cancel, and click Request Cancel. Then, refer to the Cancellation reason 01 - Invoice issued with errors (with related document) or Motivi di annullamento 02, 03 e 04 sections, depending on the cancellation reason.

Suggerimento

In alternativa, richiedere un annullamento dalla scheda CFDI facendo clic su Annulla sulla riga.

Motivi di annullamento 02, 03 e 04¶

Nella finestra pop-up Richiesta annullamento CFDI, selezionare il Motivo di annullamento desiderato e Confermare l’annullamento.

In questo modo, l’annullamento della fattura viene generato con una voce di motivo nella scheda CFDI.

Nota

Se il cliente rifiuta l’annullamento, la voce dell’annullamento della fattura viene rimossa dalla scheda CFDI.

Annullamenti di pagamento¶

It is also possible to cancel Payment Complements. For this, go to the payment, via Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Payments, and select Request EDI Cancellation. As with invoices, a blue button will appear. Click Process now, and the document will be sent to the SAT. After a few seconds, you can click Retry to confirm the current SAT status.

Finally, the payment status is moved to Cancelled.

Nota

Just like invoices, when you create a new Payment Complement, you can add the relation of the original document, by adding a 04| plus the fiscal folio in the CFDI Origin field.

Casi d’uso speciali per la fatturazione¶

CFDI al pubblico¶

If the customer you are selling goods or services to does not require an invoice, a CFDI to Public has to be created.

If you use the Customer name PUBLICO EN GENERAL, an error will be triggered. This is a main change in the CFDI 4.0 that requires invoices with that specific name to need additional fields, which Odoo does not currently support. So, for a CFDI to Public to be created, you need to add any name to your customer that is not PUBLICO EN GENERAL. (For example: CLIENTE FINAL).

In addition to this, it is required that the ZIP code of your company is added, the generic RFC is set as XAXX010101000, and the Fiscal Regime of your customer must be set as: Sin obligaciones fiscales.

CFDI to Public Customer field configuration.

Multivaluta¶

The main currency in Mexico is MXN. While this is mandatory for all Mexican companies, it is possible to send and receive invoices (and payments) in different currencies. To enable the use of multicurrency, navigate to the Accounting ‣ Settings ‣ Currencies, and set Mexican Bank as the Service in the Automatic Currency Rates section. Then, set the Interval field to the frequency you wish to update the exchange rates.

In questo modo, il file XML del documento avrà il tasso di cambio corretto e l’importo totale, sia nella valuta estera che in MXN.

It is highly recommended to use a bank account for each currency.

Nota

The only currencies that automatically update their exchange rate daily are: USD, EUR, GBP, and JPY.

Multi-currency configuration in the Accounting settings.

Acconti¶

There can be cases where you receive a payment in advance from a customer that needs to be applied to an invoice later. In order to do this in Odoo, it is required to properly link invoices to each other with the CFDI Origin field. To do so, it is necessary to have the Sales app installed.

Vedi anche

The official documentation for registration of down payments in Mexico.

First, navigate to the Sales app to create a product Anticipo and configure it. The Product Type must be Service, and use the UNSPSC Category must be: 84111506 Servicios de facturación.

Quindi, vai su Vendite ‣ Impostazioni ‣ Fatturazione ‣ Acconti e aggiungi il prodotto Anticipo come predefinito.

Create a sales order with the total amount, and create a down payment (either using a percentage or fixed amount). Then, sign the document, and Register the Payment.

When the time comes for the customer to get the final invoice, create it again from the same sales order. In the Create Invoices wizard, select Regular Invoice, and uncheck Deduct down payments.

Then, copy the Fiscal Folio from the first invoice, and paste it into the CDFI Origin of the second invoice, adding the prefix 07| before the value. Then, sign the document.

After this, create a credit note for the first invoice. Copy the Fiscal Folio from the second invoice, and paste it in the CFDI Origin of the credit note, adding the prefix 07|. Then, sign the document.

With this, all electronic documents are linked to each other. The final step is to fully pay the new invoice. At the bottom of the new invoice, you can find the credit note in the Outstanding credits - add it as payment. Finally, register the remaining amount with the Register Payment wizard.

Commercio estero¶

Il commercio estero è un complemento a una fattura regolare che aggiunge determinati valori sia nell’XML che nel PDF, alle fatture con un cliente estero secondo le normative SAT, come:

L’indirizzo specifico del destinatario e del mittente
L’aggiunta di una Frazione tariffaria che identifica il tipo di prodotto
The correct Incoterm (International Commercial Terms), among others (certificate of origin and special units of measure).

Ciò consente la corretta identificazione di esportatori e importatori, oltre ad ampliare la descrizione della merce venduta.

Since January 1, 2018, external trade is a requirement for taxpayers, who carry export operations of type A1. While the current CFDI is 4.0, the external trade is currently on version 1.1

In order to use this feature, the modules l10n_mx_edi_extended and l10n_mx_edi_extended_40 have to be installed.

Importante

Prima di installare, assicurarsi che la propria azienda abbia bisogno di utilizzare questa funzionalità. Consultare prima il proprio commercialista, se necessario, prima di installare qualsiasi modulo.

Configurazione¶