仕訳帳

Journal entries are recorded in different journals to maintain an organized record of a company's financial transactions. Odoo uses six different types of journals to organize accounting records:

注釈

It is possible to have multiple journals of the same type, such as two separate bank journals, each for a unique bank account, or two separate sales journals to track B2B versus B2C income.

Each card on the Accounting Dashboard represents a journal. To edit the configuration of a journal, click the (vertical ellipsis) on the journal card, then click Configuration. Alternatively, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Journals to select and edit an existing journal or to create a new one.

While different journal types have slightly different fields to configure, some fields are consistent across all the journal types:

  • Short Code: Each journal must have a unique code (from 1 to 5 characters long). The short code is used as the prefix for all journal entries belonging to this journal.

  • Currency: If desired, set the currency of this journal. For bank and cash journals, this is the currency of the journal's transactions. This field is only visible when multiple currencies are enabled.

The Advanced Settings tab contains more technical options:

  • Allowed accounts: Limit which accounts are available when recording journal entries in this journal. Leave this field blank to allow all accounts.

  • Email Alias: Set an email address to create journal entries by digitizing PDFs sent to this address. This is most commonly used to create customer invoices and vendor bills.

  • Secure Posted Entries with Hash: Restrict the alterability of this journal's entries to comply with tax authorities in certain countries.

警告

The Secure Posted Entries with Hash option cannot be removed from a journal once the journal has a posted journal entry.

注釈

  • Bank and cash journals do not have the Secure Posted Entries with Hash or Email Alias fields.

  • If an alias domain has not yet been configured, a link to Configure Alias Domain is displayed instead of the Email Alias field.

Bank, cash, and credit card journals

Bank, cash, and credit card journals share the following features:

  • Suspense Account: 取引 on this journal are posted on this account until they are reconciled, at which point this account is replaced with the account the transaction was reconciled against. At any moment, the suspense account's balance in the general ledger shows the balance of transactions that have not yet been reconciled.

    注釈

    When a bank transaction is reconciled, the journal entry is modified to replace the bank suspense account with the account of the journal item it is reconciled with. This account is usually either:

  • Dedicated Payment Sequence: Tick this field to use separate sequences for payments and transactions posted on this journal.

    注釈

    If the Dedicated Payment Sequence field is ticked, payments that use an outstanding account will have references that add P before the journal's short code. Otherwise, the references will begin with PAY.

The Incoming Payments and Outgoing Payments tabs contain the payment methods of this journal. Different payment methods are available depending on the journal type. If desired, set outstanding accounts on the payment methods.

参考

未消込勘定

By default, payments in Odoo do not create journal entries, but they can be configured to create journal entries by using outstanding accounts on bank and cash journals.

  • 未消込収益勘定 とは、入金された支払いが入金銀行取引とリンクされるまで、その支払いが記録される勘定です。

  • 未消込支払勘定 とは、支払いが銀行の送金取引とリンクされるまで、支払いが計上される場所です。

これらの勘定科目は通常、 タイプ 流動資産 および 流動負債 です。

Payments that are registered in Odoo are posted to the outstanding receipts and outstanding payments accounts until they are reconciled. At any moment, the outstanding receipts account's balance in the general ledger shows the balance of registered incoming payments that have not yet been reconciled, and the outstanding payments account's balance in the general ledger shows the balance of registered outgoing payments that have not yet been reconciled.

設定

To configure outstanding accounts, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Journals and select or create a bank or cash journal. In the Incoming Payments and Outgoing Payments tabs, set Outstanding Receipts accounts and Outstanding Payments accounts for each payment method that you want to create journal entries.

注釈

  • 仕訳帳の主要銀行口座を未消込入金勘定または未消込支払勘定として追加すると、支払登録時に、顧客請求書または仕入先請求書のステータスが直接 支払済 に設定されます。

  • 支払方法の未消込入金勘定または未消込支払勘定が空白の場合、その支払方法で支払を登録しても、仕訳は作成されません。

銀行

Bank journals are used to record journal entries related to bank transactions and incoming and outgoing payments. The following fields are specific to bank journals:

  • Bank Account: This Bank and Cash type account is the default account for this bank journal.

  • Account Number: The bank account's number is used when registering payments and is required for generating outgoing payment files, such as SEPA or NACHA. To edit the bank account details, click on the (Internal link) button next to the Account Number and update the account information accordingly.

  • Bank: The bank name is used when registering payments and is required for generating outgoing payment files. To edit the bank account details, click on the (Internal link) button next to the Bank name and update the account information accordingly.

  • Bank Feeds: Define the method of creating bank transactions, whether Manual or via Online Synchronization.

  • Split Transactions: Split collective payments for CODA files.

Multiple payment methods are available for bank journals, as are configurations for generating outgoing payment files, such as SEPA or NACHA.

現金

Cash journals are used to record journal entries related to cash transactions. The following fields are specific to cash journals:

  • Cash Account: This Bank and Cash type account is the default account for this cash journal.

  • Profit Account: This Income or Other Income type account is used to register a profit when the ending balance of a cash register is greater than expected.

  • Loss Account: This Expenses type account is used to register a loss when the ending balance of a cash register is less than expected.

Only manual payment methods are available for cash journals.

Credit card

Credit card journals are used to record journal entries related to credit cards. The following fields are specific to credit card journals:

  • Journal Account: This Credit Card type account is the default account for this credit card journal.

  • Bank Feeds: Define the method of creating credit card transactions, whether manual or via Online Synchronization.

Only manual payment methods are available for credit card journals.

Sales, purchase, and miscellaneous journals

販売

Sales journals, also known as income journals, are used to record journal entries related to customer invoices. The following fields are specific to customer invoice journals:

  • Default Income Account: Invoices in this journal use this Income or Other Income type account unless overwritten by another income account set on the product category, product, or invoice line itself.

  • Dedicated Credit Note Sequence: Check this box to use a separate sequence for the reference of credit notes that increments separately from the main invoice sequence and adds an R to the reference before the journal's short code.

  • Dedicated Debit Note Sequence: Check this box to use a separate sequence for the reference of credit notes that increments separately from the main invoice sequence and adds a D before the journal's short code.

Sales journals have additional fields in the Advanced Settings tab that allow you to set the default communication format that will appear on customer invoices so that the customer can refer to that particular invoice when making a payment:

  • Communication Type: Choose if the format of the payment reference communicated to the customer should be based on the invoice number or the customer's number.

  • Communication Standard: Choose the format of the payment reference itself that is communicated to the customer.

Purchase

Purchase journals are used to record journal entries related to vendor bills. The following fields are specific to purchase journals:

  • Default Expense Account: Vendor bills in this journal use this Expense type account unless overwritten by another expense account set on the product category, product, or expense.

  • Private Part Account: Select the account to be used to register the private part of mixed expenses.

  • Dedicated Credit Note Sequence: Check this box to use a separate sequence for the reference of credit notes that increments separately from the main vendor bill sequence and adds an R to the reference before the journal's short code.

  • Dedicated Debit Note Sequence: Check this box to use a separate sequence for the reference of credit notes that increments separately from the main invoice sequence and adds a D before the journal's short code.

Miscellaneous

Miscellaneous journals are used to record journal entries that are not related to any of the other journal types such as tax closing journal entries.

参考