Chapter 1: Owl Components¶
This chapter introduces the Owl framework, a tailor-made component system for Odoo. The main building blocks of OWL are components and templates.
In Owl, every part of user interface is managed by a component: they hold the logic and define the
templates that are used to render the user interface. In practice, a component is represented by a
small JavaScript class subclassing the Component
class.
Before getting into the exercises, make sure you have followed all the steps described in this tutorial introduction.
The solutions for each exercise of the chapter are hosted on the official Odoo tutorials repository. It is recommended to try to solve them first without looking at the solution!
Suggerimento
If you use Chrome as your web browser, you can install the Owl Devtools
extension. This
extension provides many features to help you understand and profile any Owl application.
In this chapter, we use the owl_playground
addon, which provides a simplified environment that
only contains Owl and a few other files. The goal is to learn Owl itself, without relying on Odoo
web client code. To get started, open the /owl_playground/playground
route with your browser: it
should display an Owl component with the text hello world.
Example: a Counter
component¶
First, let us have a look at a simple example. The Counter
component shown below is a component
that maintains an internal number value, displays it, and updates it whenever the user clicks on the
button.
import { Component, useState } from "@odoo/owl";
class Counter extends Component {
static template = "my_module.Counter";
setup() {
this.state = useState({ value: 0 });
}
increment() {
this.state.value++;
}
}
The Counter
component specifies the name of the template to render. The template is written in XML
and defines a part of user interface:
<templates xml:space="preserve">
<t t-name="my_module.Counter" owl="1">
<p>Counter: <t t-esc="state.value"/></p>
<button class="btn btn-primary" t-on-click="increment">Increment</button>
</t>
</templates>
You maybe noticed the owl="1"
temporary attribute, it allows Odoo to differentiate Owl
templates from the old JavaScript framework templates. Note that Owl templates are not the same
as QWeb templates: they can contain additional directives, such as t-on-click
.
1. Displaying a counter¶
As a first exercise, let us implement a counter in the Playground
component located in
owl_playground/static/src/
. To see the result, you can go to the /owl_playground/playground
route with your browser.
Exercise
Modify
playground.js
so that it acts as a counter like in the example above. You will need to use the useState hook so that the component is re-rendered whenever any part of the state object that has been read by this component is modified.In the same component, create an
increment
method.Modify the template in
playground.xml
so that it displays your counter variable. Use t-esc to output the data.Add a button in the template and specify a t-on-click attribute in the button to trigger the
increment
method whenever the button is clicked.
Suggerimento
The Odoo JavaScript files downloaded by the browser are minified. For debugging purpose, it’s easier when the files are not minified. Switch to debug mode with assets so that the files are not minified.
2. Extract counter in a component¶
For now we have the logic of a counter in the Playground
component, let us see how to create a
sub-component from it.
Exercise
Extract the counter code from the
Playground
component into a newCounter
component.You can do it in the same file first, but once it’s done, update your code to move the
Counter
in its own folder and file. Import it relatively from./counter/counter
. Make sure the template is in its own file, with the same name.
Importante
Don’t forget /** @odoo-module **/
in your JavaScript files. More information on this can
be found here.
3. A todo component¶
We will create new components in owl_playground/static/src/
to keep track of a list of
todos. This will be done incrementally in multiple exercises that will introduce various concepts.
Exercise
Create a
Todo
component that receive atodo
object in props, and display it. It should show something like 3. buy milk.Add the Bootstrap classes
text-muted
andtext-decoration-line-through
on the task if it is done. To do that, you can use dynamic attributes.Modify
owl_playground/static/src/playground.js
andowl_playground/static/src/playground.xml
to display your newTodo
component with some hard-coded props to test it first.Example
setup() { ... this.todo = { id: 3, description: "buy milk", done: false }; }
Vedi anche
4. Props validation¶
The Todo
component has an implicit API. It expects to receive in its props the description of a
todo object in a specified format: id
, description
and done
. Let us make that API more
explicit. We can add a props definition that will let Owl perform a validation step in dev mode. You can activate the dev mode in the App
configuration.
It is a good practice to do props validation for every component.
Exercise
Add props validation to the
Todo
component.Open the Console tab of your browser’s dev tools and make sure the props validation passes in dev mode, which is activated by default in
owl_playground
. The dev mode can be activated and deactivated by modifying thedev
attribute in the in theconfig
parameter of the mount function inowl_playground/static/src/main.js
.Remove
done
from the props and reload the page. The validation should fail.
5. A list of todos¶
Now, let us display a list of todos instead of just one todo. For now, we can still hard-code the list.
Exercise
Change the code to display a list of todos instead of just one. Create a new
TodoList
component to hold theTodo
components and use t-foreach in its template.Think about how it should be keyed with the
t-key
directive.
6. Adding a todo¶
So far, the todos in our list are hard-coded. Let us make it more useful by allowing the user to add a todo to the list.
Exercise
Add an input above the task list with placeholder Enter a new task.
Add an event handler on the
keyup
event namedaddTodo
.Implement
addTodo
to check if enter was pressed (ev.keyCode === 13
), and in that case, create a new todo with the current content of the input as the description and clear the input of all content.Make sure the todo has a unique id. It can be just a counter that increments at each todo.
Wrap the todo list in a
useState
hook to let Owl know that it should update the UI when the list is modified.Bonus point: don’t do anything if the input is empty.
this.todos = useState([]);
Vedi anche
7. Focusing the input¶
Let’s see how we can access the DOM with t-ref and useRef.
Exercise
Vedi anche
8. Toggling todos¶
Now, let’s add a new feature: mark a todo as completed. This is actually trickier than one might
think. The owner of the state is not the same as the component that displays it. So, the Todo
component needs to communicate to its parent that the todo state needs to be toggled. One classic
way to do this is by using a callback prop toggleState
.
Exercise
Add an input with the attribute
type="checkbox"
before the id of the task, which must be checked if the statedone
is true.Suggerimento
QWeb does not create attributes computed with the
t-att
directive if it evaluates to a falsy value.Add a callback props
toggleState
.Add a
click
event handler on the input in theTodo
component and make sure it calls thetoggleState
function with the todo id.Make it work!
9. Deleting todos¶
The final touch is to let the user delete a todo.
Exercise
Add a new callback prop
removeTodo
.Insert
<span class="fa fa-remove"/>
in the template of theTodo
component.Whenever the user clicks on it, it should call the
removeTodo
method.Suggerimento
If you’re using an array to store your todo list, you can use the JavaScript
splice
function to remove a todo from it.
// find the index of the element to delete
const index = list.findIndex((elem) => elem.id === elemId);
if (index >= 0) {
// remove the element at index from list
list.splice(index, 1);
}
10. Generic card with slots¶
Owl has a powerful slot system to allow you to write generic components. This is useful to factorize the common layout between different parts of the interface.
Exercise
Insert a new
Card
component between theCounter
andTodolist
components. Use the following Bootstrap HTML structure for the card:<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;"> <img src="..." class="card-img-top" alt="..." /> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5> <p class="card-text"> Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content. </p> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a> </div> </div>
This component should have two slots: one slot for the title, and one for the content (the default slot). It should be possible to use the
Card
component as follows:<Card> <t t-set-slot="title">Card title</t> <p class="card-text">Some quick example text...</p> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a> </Card>
Bonus point: if the
title
slot is not given, theh5
should not be rendered at all.
Vedi anche
11. Extensive props validation¶
Exercise
Add prop validation on the
Card
component.Try to express in the props validation system that it requires a
default
slot, and an optionaltitle
slot.