Automatic inventory valuation¶

All of a company's stock on-hand contributes to the valuation of its inventory. That value should be reflected in the company's accounting records to accurately show the value of the company and all of its assets.

ตามค่าเริ่มต้น Odoo จะใช้การประเมินมูลค่าสินค้าคงคลังเป็นระยะ (หรือที่เรียกว่าการประเมินสินค้าคงคลังด้วยตนเอง) วิธีการนี้บอกเป็นนัยว่าทีมบัญชีลงรายการบัญชีสมุดรายวันด้วยตนเอง โดยขึ้นอยู่กับสินค้าคงคลังทางกายภาพของบริษัท และพนักงานคลังสินค้าจะใช้เวลาในการนับสต็อก ใน Odoo ผลิตภัณฑ์แต่ละหมวดหมู่จะสะท้อนถึงสิ่งนี้ โดยตั้งค่า วิธีการคิดต้นทุน เป็น ราคามาตรฐาน และ การประเมินมูลค่าสินค้าคงคลัง (ไม่สามารถมองเห็นได้ตามค่าเริ่มต้น) ตั้งค่าเป็น ด้วยตนเอง

The Costing Method field is located on the Product Categories form.

Alternatively, perpetual (automatic) inventory valuation creates real-time journal entries in the Accounting app whenever stock enters or leaves the company's warehouse.

This document is focused on the proper setup of automatic inventory valuation, which is an integrated valuation method that ensures journal entries in the Accounting app match stock valuation updates in the Inventory app. For an introduction of inventory valuation in Odoo, refer to the Using inventory valuation documentation.

Warning

Switching from manual to automatic inventory valuation may cause discrepancies between stock valuation and accounting journals.

One successful strategy for switching to automated valuation:

Clear existing stock (possibly with an inventory adjustment)
Change the inventory valuation method to Automatic
Return the existing stock, with the original monetary value (using an inventory adjustment)

Once the existing stock is recovered, the Odoo Accounting app automatically generates the journal entries to corresponding stock valuation records.

การกำหนดค่า¶

To properly set up automatic inventory valuation, follow these steps in Odoo:

Install Accounting app and enable specific settings
Set Automatic inventory valuation on product categories
Set costing method

Accounting setup¶

To use automatic inventory valuation, install the Accounting app. Next, go to Accounting app ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings, and in the Stock Valuation section, tick the Automatic Accounting checkbox. Then, click Save.

Note

Enabling Automatic Accounting shows the previously invisible Inventory Valuation field on a product category.

Automatic Accounting feature in Stock Valuation section of Settings page.

Refer to the Expense and Stock input/output sections of documentation for details on configuring the accounting journals shown.

Product category setup¶

After enabling inventory valuation, the next step is to set the product category to use automatic inventory valuation.

Go to Inventory app ‣ Configuration ‣ Product Categories, and select the desired product category. In the Inventory Valuation section, set the Inventory Valuation field to Automated. Repeat this step for every product category intending to use automatic inventory valuation.

Note

After enabling automatic accounting, each new stock move layer (SVL), that is created during inventory valuation updates, generates a journal entry.

Inventory Valuation field on the product category, with its various stock accounts.

Costing method¶

After enabling inventory valuation, the costing method for calculating and recording inventory costs is defined on the product category in Odoo.

Go to Inventory app ‣ Configuration ‣ Product Categories and select the desired product category. In the Inventory Valuation section, select the appropriate Costing Method:

The default costing method in Odoo. The cost of the product is manually defined on the product form, and this cost is used to compute the valuation. Even if the purchase price on a purchase order differs, the valuation is the cost defined on the product form.

ปฏิบัติการ	ต้นทุนต่อหน่วย	จำนวนสินค้าคงเหลือ	มูลค่าขาเข้า	มูลค่าสินค้าคงคลัง
	$10	0		$0
Receive 8 products for $10/unit	$10	8	8 * $10	$80
Receive 4 products for $16/unit	$10	12	4 * $10	$120
Deliver 10 products	$10	2	-10 * $10	$20
Receive 2 products for $9/unit	$10	4	2 * $10	$40

Calculates the valuation of a product based on the average cost of that product, divided by the total number of available stock on-hand. With this costing method, inventory valuation is dynamic, and constantly adjusts based on the purchase price of products.

ปฏิบัติการ	ต้นทุนต่อหน่วย	จำนวนสินค้าคงเหลือ	มูลค่าขาเข้า	มูลค่าสินค้าคงคลัง
	$0	0		$0
Receive 8 products for $10/unit	$10	8	8 * $10	$80
Receive 4 products for $16/unit	$12	12	4 * $16	$144
Deliver 10 products	$12	2	-10 * $12	$24
Receive 2 products for $6/unit	$9	4	2 * $6	$36

How are unit cost and inventory value calculated at each step?

When receiving four products for $16 each:
- Inventory value is calculated by adding the previous inventory value with the incoming value: $$80 + (4 * $16) = $144$.
- Unit cost is calculated by dividing the inventory value by the quantity on-hand: $$144 / 12 = $12$.
When delivering ten products, the average unit cost is used to calculate the inventory value, regardless of the purchase price of the product. Therefore, inventory value is $$144 + (-10 * $12) = $24$.
Receive two products for $6 each:
- Inventory value: $$24 + (2 * $6) = $36$
- Unit cost: $$36 / 4 = $9$

Note

เมื่อเลือก ต้นทุนเฉลี่ย (AVCO) เป็น วิธีการคำนวณต้นทุน การเปลี่ยนค่าตัวเลขในฟิลด์ ต้นทุน สำหรับผลิตภัณฑ์ในหมวดหมู่ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่เกี่ยวข้องจะสร้างบันทึกใหม่ในรายงาน การประเมินมูลค่าสินค้าคงคลัง เพื่อปรับมูลค่าของผลิตภัณฑ์ จากนั้นจำนวน ต้นทุน จะได้รับการอัปเดตโดยอัตโนมัติโดยอิงตามราคาซื้อเฉลี่ยของสินค้าคงคลังที่มีอยู่และต้นทุนที่สะสมจากใบสั่งซื้อที่ตรวจสอบแล้ว

ติดตามต้นทุนของสินค้าเข้าและออกแบบเรียลไทม์ และใช้ราคาจริงของผลิตภัณฑ์เพื่อเปลี่ยนการประเมินราคา ราคาซื้อที่เก่าที่สุดจะใช้เป็นต้นทุนของสินค้าชิ้นต่อไปที่ขายออกไป จนกว่าจะขายผลิตภัณฑ์นั้นได้หมดทั้งล็อต เมื่อล็อตสินค้าคงคลังถัดไปเลื่อนขึ้นในคิว ต้นทุนผลิตภัณฑ์ที่อัปเดตจะถูกนำมาใช้ตามการประเมินราคาของล็อตเฉพาะนั้น

This method is arguably the most accurate inventory valuation method for a variety of reasons, but it is highly sensitive to input data and human error.

ปฏิบัติการ	ต้นทุนต่อหน่วย	จำนวนสินค้าคงเหลือ	มูลค่าขาเข้า	มูลค่าสินค้าคงคลัง
	$0	0		$0
Receive 8 products for $10/unit	$10	8	8 * $10	$80
Receive 4 products for $16/unit	$12	12	4 * $16	$144
Deliver 10 products	$16	2	-8 * $10 -2 * $16	$32
Receive 2 products for $6/unit	$11	4	2 * $6	$44

How are unit cost and inventory value calculated at each step?

When receiving four products for $16 each:
- Inventory value is calculated by adding the previous inventory value to the incoming value: $$80 + (4 * $16) = $144$.
- Unit cost is calculated by dividing the inventory value by the quantity on-hand: $$144 / 12 = $12$.
- When delivering ten products, eight units were purchased for $10, and two units were purchased for $16.
- First, the incoming value is calculated by multiplying the on-hand quantity by the purchased price: $(-8 * $10) + (-2 * $16) = -112$.
- The inventory value is calculated by subtracting the incoming value from the previous inventory value: $$144 - $112 = $32$.
- Unit cost is calculated by dividing the inventory value by the remaining quantity: $$32 / 2 = $16$.
When receiving two products for $6, inventory value is $$32 + $12 = $44$. Unit cost is $$44 / 4 = $11$.

Warning

Changing the costing method greatly impacts inventory valuation. It is highly recommended to consult an accountant first before making any adjustments here.

Types of accounting¶

With automated inventory valuation set up, the generated journal entries depend on the chosen accounting mode: Continental or Anglo-Saxon.

Tip

Verify the accounting mode by activating the โหมดนักพัฒนา (โหมดแก้ไขข้อบกพร่อง), and navigating to Accounting app ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings.

Then, in the Search... bar, look for Anglo-Saxon Accounting, to see if the feature is enabled. If it is not enabled, Continental accounting mode is in use.

Show the Anglo-Saxon accounting mode feature.

In Anglo-Saxon accounting, the costs of goods sold (COGS) are reported when products are sold or delivered. This means the cost of a good is only recorded as an expense when a customer is invoiced for a product.

So, for manual valuation method, set the Expense Account to Stock Valuation for the current asset type; for automatic valuation method, set the Expense Account to an Expenses or a Cost of Revenue type (e.g. Cost of Production, Cost of Goods Sold, etc.).

In Continental accounting, the cost of a good is reported as soon as a product is received into stock. Because of this, the Expense Account can be set to either Expenses or a Cost of Revenue type, however, it is more commonly set to an Expenses account.

Refer to the Expense and Stock input/output sections for details on configuring each account type.

Expense account¶

To configure the expense account, which is used in both manual and automatic inventory valuation, go to the Account Properties section of the intended product category (Inventory app ‣ Configuration ‣ Product Categories). Then, choose an existing account from the Expense Account drop-down menu.

To ensure the chosen account is the correct Type, click the (right arrow) icon to the right of the account. Then, set the account type based on the information below.

In Anglo-Saxon accounting for automated inventory valuation, set the Expense Account to the Expenses account. Then, click the (right arrow) icon to the right of the account.

In the pop-up window, choose Expenses or Cost of Revenue from the Type drop-down menu.

Show **Expense Account** field, and external link icon.

Stock input/output (automated only)¶

To configure the Stock Input Account and Stock Output Account, go to Inventory app ‣ Configuration ‣ Product Categories and select the desired product category.

In the Inventory Valuation field, select Automated. Doing so makes the Account Stock Properties section appear. These accounts are defined as follows:

Stock Valuation Account: when automated inventory valuation is enabled on a product, this account will hold the current value of the products.
Stock Journal: accounting journal where entries are automatically posted when a product's inventory valuation changes.
Stock Input Account: counterpart journal items for all incoming stock moves will be posted in this account, unless there is a specific valuation account set on the source location. This is the default value for all products in a given category, and can also be set directly on each product.
Stock Output Account: counterpart journal items for all outgoing stock moves will be posted in this account, unless there is a specific valuation account set on the destination location. This is the default value for all products in a given category, and can also be set directly on each product.

In Anglo-Saxon accounting, the Stock Input Account and Stock Output Account are set to different Current Assets accounts. This way, delivering products and invoicing the customer balance the Stock Output account, while receiving products and billing vendors balance the Stock Input account.

To modify the account type, go to the click the (right arrow) icon to the right of the stock input/output account. In the pop-up window, choose Current Assets from the Type drop-down menu.

Display account setup page, highlighting the **Type** field. — The *Stock Input* account is set to `Stock Interim (Received)`, a *Current Asset* account type.¶

In Continental accounting, the Stock Input Account and Stock Output Account are set to the same Current Assets account. That way, one account can be balanced when items are bought and sold.

Example

The stock input and output accounts are both set to Stock Interim (Received), a Current Assets account type. They can also be set to the Stock Interim (Delivered), as long as the input and output accounts are assigned to the same account.

Show the Stock Input and Output accounts.

Inventory valuation reporting¶

To start, go to Accounting app ‣ Reporting ‣ Balance Sheet. Click the Current Assets line item to unfold the drop-down menu, and look for the nested Stock Valuation, Stock Interim (Received), and Stock Interim (Delivered) lines.

Tip

At the top of the dashboard, click the As of [date] button to display accounting records up to a specified date.