比利时

配置

Install the following modules to get all the features of the Belgian localization, following the IFRS rules.

名称

技术名称

说明

Belgium - Accounting

l10n_be

默认 财政本地化套装

Belgium - Accounting Reports

l10n_be_reports

Access to specific accounting reports for Belgium.

Belgium - Accounting Reports (post wizard)

l10n_be_reports_post_wizard

Enables the VAT wizard when posting a tax return journal entry.

Belgium - Import Bank CODA Statements

l10n_be_coda

Import CODA bank statements.

Belgium - Import SODA files

l10n_be_soda

Import SODA files.

Belgium - Disallowed Expenses Data

l10n_be_disallowed_expenses

Access to the use of disallowed expenses features.

Belgium - Payroll

l10n_be_hr_payroll

Access to the basic payroll features for Belgium.

Belgium - Payroll with Accounting

l10n_be_hr_payroll_account

Integration of accounting data with payroll.

Belgium - Payroll - Dimona

l10n_be_hr_payroll_dimona

Access to Dimona features for payroll.

Belgium - Payroll - Fleet

l10n_be_hr_payroll_fleet

Fleet features for payroll.

Salary Configurator (Belgium)

l10n_be_hr_contract_salary

Access to the salary configurator feature.

会计科目表

您可以通过 会计 ‣ 配置 ‣ 会计:会计科目表,访问 :guilabel:`会计科目表

比利时会计科目表包括在:PCMN(标准化最低会计科目表)`中描述的预设科目。要添加新账户,点击 :guilabel:`新建。出现一行新内容,填写后点击 保存,然后点击 设置,进一步配置。

安装 比利时 - 会计比利时 - 会计报告 模块后,会自动创建默认的比利时税种。每个税种都会影响比利时的 税务报告,可通过 会计 ‣ 报告 ‣ 报表报告:税务报告,来查看该报告。

在比利时,标准增值税率为**21%**,但某些类别的商品和服务适用较低税率。社会住房和餐厅提供的食品适用中间税率,为**12%**;而大部分基本商品,如食品、供水、书籍和药品适用较低税率,为**6%**。特殊商品和服务适用**0%**税率,例如某些日报、周报以及回收商品。

不可抵扣的税款

在比利时,有些税款是不能完全扣除的,例如汽车保养税。这意味着这些税款的一部分被视为支出。

在 Odoo 中,您可以通过为这些税项创建税务规则并将其链接到相应的账户,配置不可抵扣的税项。这样,系统就会自动计算税款并将其分配到相应的账户。

要配置新的不可扣税,请转到 会计 ‣ 配置 ‣ 会计:税款,然后点击 新建

  1. Add a line and select Base in the Based On column;

  2. 添加行,然后在:guilabel:基于`栏中选择:guilabel:`税率,并在:guilabel:`%`栏中输入**不可扣除**百分比;

  3. On the of tax line, select the Tax Grid(s) related to your tax;

  4. Add a line with the deductible percentage in the % column;

  5. Set of tax in Based On;

  6. Select 411000 VAT recoverable as account, and select the related tax grid.

创建不可抵扣税款后,可在账单和信用票据编码时选择相应的税款,将其应用到交易中。系统会自动计算税额,并根据配置的税务规则将其分配到相应的账户。

Example

有了比利时本地化套装,默认收取**21% 汽车**税(50% 不可减免)。

不可完全扣税的示例

报告

以下是可用的比利时特定报告清单:

  • 资产负债表;

  • 损益表;

  • 税务报告;

  • 合作伙伴增值税清单;

  • EC销售明细行;

  • Intrastat.

点击**书本**图标,选择报告的比利时语版本,即可获取报告的比利时语版本:(BE)

比利时版报告

参见

报告

Disallowed expenses report

Disallowed expenses are expenses that can be deducted from your accounting result but not from your fiscal result.

The disallowed expenses report is available by going to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Management: Disallowed Expenses. It allows financial results in real-time, and periodic changes. This report is generated based on the disallowed expenses categories that you can reach by going to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Management: Disallowed Expenses Categories. Some categories already exist by default but do not have any rates. Click on Set Rates to update a specific category.

小技巧

  • You can add multiple rates for various dates. In that case, the rate used to calculate the expense depends on the date at which it is calculated, and the rate set for that date.

  • If you have the Fleet app installed, tick the Car Category box when applicable. This makes the vehicle mandatory while booking a vendor bill.

To link a disallowed expenses category with a specific account, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Acounting: Chart of Accounts. Find the account you want, and click on Setup. Add the Disallowed Expense category in the Disallowed Expenses field. From now, when an expense is created with this account, the disallowed expense is calculated based on the rate mentioned in the Disallowed Expense category.

Let’s take an example reflecting restaurant and car expenses.

Restaurant expenses

In Belgium, 31% of restaurant expenses are non-deductible. Create a new disallowed expenses category and set both Related Account(s) and Current Rate.

Disallowed expenses categories

Car expenses: vehicle split

In Belgium, the deductible percentage varies from car to car and, therefore, should be indicated for each vehicle. To do so, open Fleet and select a vehicle. In the Tax info tab, go to the Disallowed Expenses Rate section and click on Add a line. Add a Start Date and a %. The amounts go in the same account for all car expenses.

When you create a bill for car expenses, you can link each expense to a specific car by filling the Vehicle column, so the right percentage is applied.

Disallowed expenses categories

The vehicle split option available in the disallowed expenses report allows you to see the rate and disallowed amount for each car.

Disallowed expenses categories

Fee form 281.50 and form 325

Fee form 281.50

Annually, a 281.50 fee form must be reported to the fiscal authorities. To do so, the tag 281.50 must be added on the contact form of the entities concerned by the 281.50 fee. To add the tag, open Contacts, select the person or company you want to create a 281.50 fee form for, and add the 281.50 tag in the Tags field.

add the tag 281.50 on a contact form

注解

Make sure the street, zip code, country, and VAT number are also informed on the Contact form.

Then, depending on the nature of the expense, add the corresponding 281.50 tag on the impact accounts. To do so, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Accounting: Chart of Accounts, and click on Setup to add the corresponding 281.50 tag on the impacted accounts, i.e., 281.50 - Commissions, depending on the nature of the expense.

Form 325

You can create a 325 form by going to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Belgium: Create 325 form. A new page pops up: select the right options and click Generate 325 form. To open an already generated 325 form, go to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Belgium: Open 325 forms.

Add the tag 281-50 on a contact form

CODA and SODA statements

CODA

CODA is an electronic XML format used to import Belgian bank statements. You can download CODA files from your bank and import them directly into Odoo by clicking Import Statement from your Bank journal on your dashboard.

Import CODA files

注解

The Belgium - Import Bank CODA Statements module is installed by default when the Belgium - Accounting and the Belgium - Accounting Reports modules are installed.

SODA

SODA is an electronic XML format used to import accounting entries related to salaries. SODA files can be imported into the journal you use to record salaries by going to your Accounting dashboard and clicking Upload in the related journal card form.

Once your SODA files are imported, the entries are created automatically in your ‘salary’ journal.

Import SODA files

电子开票

Odoo supports the E-FFF and Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 (UBL) electronic invoicing formats. To enable them, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Journals ‣ Customer Invoices ‣ Advanced Settings ‣ Electronic Invoicing, and tick E-FFF (BE) and Peppol BIS Billing 3.0.

现金折扣

在比利时,如果发票上有提前付款折扣,则无论客户是否享受折扣,税款均按折扣后的总金额计算。

要应用正确的税额并在增值税申报表中正确报告,请将减税设置为 始终(开具发票时)

税务认证:餐厅 POS

在比利时,法律规定餐馆或餐车等烹饪业务的所有者,必须使用政府认证的**收银系统**来登记收据。如果他们的年收入(不包括增值税、饮料和外卖食品)超过 25,000 欧元,则必须使用该系统。

该政府认证系统需要使用:ref: 认证 POS 系统<belgium/certified-pos>、:ref: 财政数据模块<belgium/fdm>`(或**黑盒子**)和:ref: `增值税签名卡<belgium/vat>

重要

请勿忘记在`联邦公共服务财政登记表 <https://www.systemedecaisseenregistreuse.be/fr/enregistrement>`_上登记为*食品服务行业经理*。

经过认证的 POS 系统

Odoo POS 系统已通过**Odoo Online** 和**Odoo.sh**上托管数据库主要版本的认证。请参考下表,确保您的 POS 系统已通过认证。

Odoo云端版本

Odoo.sh

本地部署

Odoo 17.0

具有证明的

具有证明的

未认证

Odoo 16.0

具有证明的

具有证明的

未认证

Odoo 15.0

具有证明的

具有证明的

未认证

Odoo 14.0

具有证明的

具有证明的

未认证

经认证的 POS 系统 <https://www.systemedecaisseenregistreuse.be/systemes-certifies>`_ 必须遵守严格的政府规定,这意味着它的操作方式与未经认证的 POS 不同。

  • 在经过认证的 POS 机上则不能:

    • 设置并使用**全球折扣**功能(`pos_discount`模块被列入黑名单,无法激活)。

    • 设置并使用**忠诚程序**功能(`pos_loyalty`模块已列入黑名单,无法激活)。

    • 重印收据(`pos_reprint`模块已列入黑名单,无法激活)。

    • 修改订单行的价格。

    • 修改或删除 POS 订单中的订单行。

    • 销售无有效增值税号的产品。

    • 使用未与物联网盒子连接的 POS。

  • 必须激活 现金舍入 功能,并设置 舍入精度0,05,以及 舍入方法小数取整

  • 价格中必须包含税费。要进行设置,请进入 :menuselection:` POS –> 配置 –> 设置`,在 会计 部分,单击默认销售税字段旁边的箭头,打开 :guilabel:` 默认销售税` 表单。点击:guilabel:高级选项,并启用:guilabel:包含在价格中

  • 在 POS 会话开始时,用户必须点击 开始工作 打卡。这样才能登记 POS 订单。如果用户没有打卡,将无法进行 POS 订单。同样,用户必须在会话结束时点击 结束工作 进行打卡。

警告

If you configure a POS to work with a FDM, you cannot use it again without it.

Fiscal Data Module (FDM)

FDM 或**黑盒子**是一种经政府认证的设备,它与销售点应用程序一起工作,并保存您的 POS 订单信息。具体来说,每个 POS 订单都会生成一个**哈希**(:dfn: 唯一码),并添加到收据上。这样,政府就可以核实所有收入都已申报。

警告

Only the FDM from Boîtenoire.be with the FDM certificate number BMC04 is supported by Odoo. Contact the manufacturer (GCV BMC) to order one.

配置

Before setting up your database to work with an FDM, ensure you have the following hardware:

  • a Boîtenoire.be (certificate number BMC04) FDM;

  • an RS-232 serial null modem cable per FDM;

  • an RS-232 serial-to-USB adapter per FDM;

  • an IoT Box (one IoT box per FDM); and

  • 票据打印机。

Black box module

As a pre-requisite, activate the Belgian Registered Cash Register module (technical name: pos_blackbox_be).

black box modules for belgian fiscal certification

激活模块后,将增值税号添加到公司信息中。要进行设置,请进入:menuselection:设置 --> 公司 --> 更新信息 并填写 VAT 字段。然后,为每位操作 POS 系统的工作人员输入一个国家注册号。要执行此操作,进入:guilabel:员工 应用程序并打开雇员表单。进入 HR 设置选项卡 ‣ 考勤/销售点,填写 INSZ 或 BIS 编号 字段。

员工表格中的 ISNZ 或 BIS 编号字段

小技巧

要输入您的信息,请单击您的头像,进入 :menuselection:` 我的个人资料 –> 偏好选项卡` 并在指定字段中输入您的 INSZ 或 BIS 编号。

警告

您必须直接在生产数据库中配置 :abbr:`FDM (财政数据模块)’。在测试环境中使用可能会导致 FDM 中存储的数据不正确。

IoT 盒子

要使用 FDM(财政数据模块),您需要注册一个物联网盒子。如要注册,您必须通过我们的`支持联系表<https://www.odoo.com/help>`_与我们联系,并提供以下信息:

  • 您的增值税号;

  • 您公司的名称、地址和法律架构;以及

  • 物联网盒子的 Mac 地址

Once your IoT box is certified, connect it to your database. To verify that the IoT Box recognizes the FDM, go to the IoT homepage and scroll down the IOT Device section, which should display the FDM.

Hardware status page on a registered IoT Box

Then, add the IoT to your POS. To do so, go to Point of Sale ‣ Configuration ‣ Point of Sale, select your POS, scroll down to the Connected Device section, and enable IoT Box. Lastly, add the FMD in the Fiscal Data Module field.

注解

To be able to use an FDM, you must at least connect one Receipt Printer.

VAT signing card

当您打开 POS 会话并进行首次交易时,系统会提示您输入随:abbr:VSC(增值税签账卡)`一起提供的 PIN 码。该卡由:abbr:`FPS(联邦公共财政局)`在 “注册”时提供。