Define module data¶
Important
This tutorial is an extension of the Getting started tutorial. Make sure you have
completed it and use the estate
module you have built as a base for the exercises in this
tutorial. Fetch the branch 15.0-core
from the technical-training-solutions repository if you
want to start from a clean base.
Data Types¶
Master Data¶
Master data is usually part of the technical or business requirements for the module. In other words, such data is often necessary for the module to work properly. This data will always be installed when installing the module.
We already met technical data previously since we have defined views and actions. Those are one kind of master data.
On top of technical data, business data can be defined, e.g. countries, currencies, units of measure, as well as complete country localization (legal reports, tax definitions, chart of account), and much more…
Demo Data¶
In additional to master data, which are requirements for a module to work properly, we also like having data for demonstration purposes:
Help the sales representatives make their demos quickly.
Have a set of working data for developers to test new features and see how these new features look with data they might not have added themselves.
Test that the data is loaded correctly, without raising an error.
Setup most of the features to be used quickly when creating a new database.
Demo data is automatically loaded when you start the server if you don’t explicitly say you don’t want it. This can be done in the database manager or with the command line.
$ ./odoo-bin -h
Usage: odoo-bin [options]
Options:
--version show program's version number and exit
-h, --help show this help message and exit
Common options:
[...]
--without-demo=WITHOUT_DEMO
disable loading demo data for modules to be installed
(comma-separated, use "all" for all modules). Requires
-d and -i. Default is none
[...]
$ ./odoo-bin --addons-path=... -d db -i account --without-demo=all
Data Declaration¶
Manifest¶
Reference: the documentation related to this topic can be found in Module Manifests.
Data is declared either in CSV or in XML. Each file containing data must be added in the manifest for them to be loaded.
The keys to use in the manifest to add new data are data
for the master data and demo
for
the demo data. Both values should be a list of strings representing the relative paths to the files
declaring the data.
Usually, demo data is in a demo
folder, views and actions are in a views
folder, security related data is in a security
folder, and other data is in a
data
folder.
If your work tree looks like this:
estate
├── data
│ └── master_data.xml
├── demo
│ └── demo_data.xml
├── models
│ ├── *.py
│ └── __init__.py
├── security
│ └── ir.model.access.csv
├── views
│ └── estate_property_offer_views.xml
├── __init__.py
└── __manifest__.py
Your manifest should look like this:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
{
"name": "Real Estate",
"depends": [
...
],
"data": [
"security/ir.model.access.csv", # CSV and XML files are loaded at the same place
"views/estate_property_offer_views.xml", # Views are data too
"data/master_data.xml", # Split the data in multiple files depending on the model
],
"demo": [
"demo/demo_data.xml",
]
"application": True,
}
CSV¶
Reference: the documentation related to this topic can be found in CSV data files.
The easiest way to declare simple data is by using the CSV format. This is however limited in terms of features: use it for long lists of simple models, but prefer XML otherwise.
id,field_a,field_b,related_id:id
id1,valueA1,valueB1,module.relatedid
id2,valueA2,valueB2,module.relatedid
Sfat
Your IDE has probably an extension to have a syntax highlighting of the CSV files
Exercise
Add some standard Real Estate Property Types for the estate
module: Residential,
Commercial, Industrial and Land. These should always be installed.
XML¶
Reference: the documentation related to this topic can be found in Data Files.
When the data to create is more complex it can be useful, or even necessary, to do it in XML.
<odoo>
<record id="id1" model="tutorial.example">
<field name="field_a">valueA1</field>
<field name="field_b">valueB1</field>
</record>
<record id="id2" model="tutorial.example">
<field name="field_a">valueA2</field>
<field name="field_b">valueB2</field>
</record>
</odoo>
Exercise
Create some demo data for the estate
module.
Field |
Values |
Values |
---|---|---|
name |
Big Villa |
Trailer home |
state |
New |
Canceled |
description |
A nice and big villa |
Home in a trailer park |
postcode |
12345 |
54321 |
date_availability |
2020-02-02 |
1970-01-01 |
expected_price |
1,600,000 |
100,000 |
selling_price |
120,000 |
|
bedrooms |
6 |
1 |
living_area |
100 |
10 |
facades |
4 |
4 |
garage |
True |
False |
garden |
True |
|
garden_area |
100000 |
|
garden_orientation |
South |
Data Extension¶
During the Core Training, we saw in the Chapter 13: Inheritance chapter we could inherit (extend) an existing view. This was a special case of data extension: any data can be extended in a module.
When you are adding new fields to an existing model in a new module, you might want to populate
those fields on the records created in the modules you are depending on. This is done by giving the
xml_id
of the record you want to extend. It won’t replace it, in this case we will set the
field_c
to the given value for both records.
<odoo>
<record id="id1" model="tutorial.example">
<field name="field_c">valueC1</field>
</record>
<record id="id2" model="tutorial.example">
<field name="field_c">valueC2</field>
</record>
</odoo>
ref
¶
Related fields can be set using the ref
key. The value of that key is the xml_id
of the
record you want to link. Remember the xml_id
is composed of the name of the module where the
data is first declared, followed by a dot, followed by the id
of the record (just the id
works too if you are in the module declaring it).
<odoo>
<record id="id1" model="tutorial.example">
<field name="related_id" ref="module.relatedid"/>
</record>
</odoo>
Exercise
Create some demo data offers for the properties you created.
Create offers using the partners defined in base
Partner |
Estate |
Price |
Validity |
---|---|---|---|
Azure Interior |
Big Villa |
10000 |
14 |
Azure Interior |
Big Villa |
1500000 |
14 |
Deco Addict |
Big Villa |
1500001 |
14 |
Exercise
Ensure both of your demo properties are created with their Property Type set to Residential.
eval
¶
The value to assign to a field is not always a simple string and you might need to compute it. It can also be used to optimize the insertion of related values, or because a constraint forces you to add the related values in batch. See :Add X2many fields.
<odoo>
<record id="id1" model="tutorial.example">
<field name="year" eval="datetime.now().year+1"/>
</record>
</odoo>
Exercise
The offers you added should always be in a date relative to the installation of the module.
search
¶
Sometimes, you need to call the ORM to do a search
. This is not feasible with the CSV format.
<odoo>
<record id="id1" model="account.move.line">
<field name="account_id" search="[
('user_type_id', '=', ref('account.data_account_type_direct_costs')),
('company_id', '=', obj().env.company.id)]
"/>
</record>
</odoo>
In this code snippet, it is needed because the master data depends on the localization installed.
function
¶
You might also need to execute python code when loading data.
<function model="tutorial.example" name="action_validate">
<value eval="[ref('demo_invoice_1')]"/>
</function>
Exercise
Validate one of the demo data offers by using the „Accept Offer” button. Refuse the others.
Add X2many fields¶
Reference: the documentation related to this topic can be found in
Command
.
If you need to add related data in a One2many or a Many2many field, you can do so by using the
Command
methods.
<odoo>
<record id="id1" model="tutorial.example">
<field name="related_ids" eval="[
Command.create({
'name': 'My name',
}),
Command.create({
'name': 'Your name',
}),
Command.link(ref('model.xml_id')),
]"/>
</record>
</odoo>
Exercise
Create one new Property, but this time with some offers created directly inside the One2many field linked to the Offers.
Accessing the data¶
Atenționare
You should never access demo data outside of the demo data declaration, not even in tests.
There are multiple ways to access the master/demo data.
In python code, you can use the env.ref(self, xml_id, raise_if_not_found=True)
method. It
returns the recordset linked to the xml_id
you specify.
In XML, you can use the ref
key like this
<odoo>
<record id="id1" model="tutorial.example">
<field name="related_id" ref="module.relatedid"/>
</record>
</odoo>
It will call the ref method, and store the id of the record returned on the field related_id
of
the record of type tutorial.example
with id id1
.
In CSV, the title of the column must be suffixed with :id
or /id
.
id,parent_id:id,name
"child1","module.parent","Name1"
"child2","module.parent","Name2"
"child3","module.parent","Name3"
In SQL, it is more complicated, see the advanced section.
Atenționare
Data can always be deleted by the user. Always code defensively, taking this into account.
Advanced¶
What is the XML id?¶
Because we don’t want a column xml_id
in every single SQL table of the database, we need a
mechanism to store it. This is done with the ir.model.data
model.
It contains the name of the record (the xml_id
) along with the module in which it is defined,
the model defining it, and the id of it.
No update¶
The records created with the noupdate
flag won’t be updated when upgrading the module that
created them, but it will be created if it didn’t exist yet.
Notă
odoo-bin -i module
will bypass this setting and always load the data. But normally
one shouldn’t do this on a production database.
<odoo noupdate="1">
<record id="id1" model="model">
<field name="fieldA" eval="True"/>
</record>
</odoo>
Import as SQL¶
In some cases, it makes sense to do the import directly in SQL. This is however discouraged as it bypasses all the features of the ORM, computed fields (including metadata) and python constraints.
Notă
Generally using raw SQL also bypasses ACLs and increases the risks of injections.
Reference: Security in Odoo
It can help to speed the import time by a lot with huge files.
For more complex imports like for the translations.
It can be necessary to initialize the database.