税¶
税 的类型很多，它们的应用差异很大，这主要取决于您公司的本地化。 为了确保准确记录，Odoo的税务引擎支持各种用途和计算.
默认税¶
**默认税项**定义了创建新产品时自动选择的税种。在 会计事务所 模式下，它们也用于在发票上添加新行时预填 税项 字段。
要更改**默认税项**，请访问 ，为默认销售税和采购税选择适当的税额，然后点击 保存。
Activate taxes from the list view¶
作为 财政本地化包 的一部分，您所在国家的大部分销售税已在数据库中预先配置。但是，只有少数税种是默认激活的。要激活与您的业务相关的税种，请访问 并启用 激活 列下的切换按钮。
配置¶
要编辑或创建**税务**，请进入 并打开一个税种，或点击 新建。
基本选项¶
税项名称¶
税费计算¶
The Tax Computation field determines how the tax amount is computed from the sales price. The following options are available:
Group of Taxes: a combination of several other taxes
Fixed: a fixed amount
Percentage of Price: a percentage of the tax-excluded sales price
Percentage of Price Tax Included: a percentage of the tax-included total
Python Code: a custom user-defined formula
Group of taxes¶
税种是多个子税种的组合。您可以添加任意数量的税种，并按您偏好的顺序应用。
重要
Make sure the tax sequence is correct, as the display order determines the application order and may affect tax computation, particularly if a tax affects the base of subsequent taxes.
固定的¶
The tax has a fixed amount in the default currency. The amount remains the same per unit, regardless of the sales price.
The computation is \(\text{tax amount} = \text{fixed tax amount} \times \text{quantity}\).
Example
A product has a sales price of $1000, and we apply a $10 Fixed tax. We then have:
产品销售价 |
价格不含税 |
税项 |
总计 |
|---|---|---|---|
1,000 |
1,000 |
10 |
1,010.00 |
Percentage of price¶
The tax rate is a percentage of the tax-excluded subtotal.
The exact tax computation depends on the Included in Price field, which determines whether the sales price should be treated as tax-excluded or tax-included:
If Included in Price is disabled, the computation is \(\text{tax amount} = \text{sales price} \times \text{tax rate}\).
Example
A product has a sales price of $1000, and we apply a 10% Percentage of Price tax that is not Included in Price. We then have:
产品销售价 |
价格不含税 |
税项 |
总计 |
|---|---|---|---|
1,000 |
1,000 |
100 |
1,100.00 |
If Included in Price is enabled, the computation is \(\text{tax amount} = \text{sales price} \times \frac{\text{tax rate}}{1 + \text{tax rate}}\).
Example
A product has a sales price of $1000, and we apply a 10% Percentage of Price tax that is Included in Price. We then have:
产品销售价 |
价格不含税 |
税项 |
总计 |
|---|---|---|---|
1,000 |
909.09 |
90.91 |
1,000.00 |
Percentage of price tax included¶
重要
This tax computation is rarely used and only useful in countries (e.g., Brazil, Bolivia) that quote tax rates as a percentage of the tax-included total. For the more common need to compute tax amounts from a tax-included price, use the Percentage of Price tax computation with the Included in Price option.
The tax rate is a percentage of the tax-included total.
The exact tax computation depends on the Included in Price field, which determines whether the sales price should be treated as tax-excluded or tax-included:
If Included in Price is disabled, the computation is \(\text{tax amount} = \text{sales price} \times \frac{\text{tax rate}}{1 - \text{tax rate}}\).
Example
A product has a sales price of $1000, and we apply a 10% Percentage of Price Tax Included tax that is not Included in Price. We then have:
产品销售价 |
价格不含税 |
税项 |
总计 |
|---|---|---|---|
1,000 |
1,000 |
111.11 |
1,111.11 |
Note that the real tax rate in terms of the tax-excluded price is \(\frac{111.11}{1000} = 11.111\%\).
If Included in Price is enabled, the computation is \(\text{tax amount} = \text{sales price} \times \text{tax rate}\).
Example
A product has a sales price of $1000, and we apply a 10% Percentage of Price Tax Included tax that is Included in Price. We then have:
产品销售价 |
价格不含税 |
税项 |
总计 |
|---|---|---|---|
1,000 |
900 |
100 |
1,000.00 |
Note that the real tax rate in terms of the tax-excluded price is \(\frac{100}{900} = 11.111\%\).
Python code¶
重要
If a tax can be expressed as a multiple of the quantity of the product to which it applies, it can be defined as a Fixed tax. Doing so is strongly recommended over defining a Python Code tax.
A tax defined as Python Code consists of two snippets of Python code that are executed in a local environment that can access the unit price, quantity, product, and partner. Python Code defines the amount of the tax, and Applicable Code defines whether the tax is applied. Enter a formula for each field at the bottom of the Definition tab.
Example
A product has a sales price of $1000, and we apply a Python Code tax with the following configuration:
Python Code:
result = price_unit * 0.10andApplicable Code:
result = True.
We then have:
产品销售价 |
价格不含税 |
税项 |
总计 |
|---|---|---|---|
1,000 |
1,000 |
100 |
1,100.00 |
启用¶
只有将**有效**税种添加到新文件中。
重要
无法删除已经使用的税款。 相反，您可以停用它们以防止将来使用.
注解
该字段可以通过 列表视图 进行修改。
税务类型¶
:guilabel:`税务类型`决定了税务应用，也限制了显示的位置。
销售：客户发票、产品客户税等。
采购： 供应商账单、产品供应商税等。
没有
小技巧
对于您想包含在 税组 中，但不想与其他销售税或购置税一起列出的税项，您可以选择 无。
税务范围¶
使用 税务范围 时，税务的使用仅限于某类产品，即**货物**或**服务**。
定义选项卡¶
将应税基础金额或计算税额的百分比精确分配到多个账户和税收网格中。
基于：
基数：发票行上的价格
税收比率%：计算税额的百分比。
账户：如果已定义，则记录额外的日记账项目。
税收网格：用于根据您所在国家/地区的法规，自动生成 税务报告。
高级选项卡¶
发票上的标签¶
税号显示在每行发票的 税项 列中。*前端*用户可在导出发票、客户门户等处看到该标签。
税组¶
选择税款所属的**税组**。税组名称显示在导出发票和客户门户网站的**总计**行上方。
税种组包括同一税种的不同迭代。当您必须根据 财务状况 以不同方式记录同一税种时，这可能很有用。
Example
在上述示例中，0% EU S 税项针对欧洲共同体内部客户，将金额记录在特定账户和税收网格中。但对客户而言，税率仍为 0%。这就是为什么标签显示 0% EU S，而 总计 行上方的税组名称显示 增值税 0%。
包括在分析成本中¶
激活该选项后，税项将分配到与发票项目相同的**分析账户**。
包含在价格中¶
With this option activated, the tax will treat the sales price on which it is applied as a total including the tax amount. The tax computation will split the sales price into a base amount and a tax amount. This makes it suitable for B2C sales in most countries where prices are quoted tax-inclusive.
总计 = 销售价格 = 计算的含税价格 + 税金
Example
A product has a sales price of $1000, and we apply a 10% Percentage of Price tax with Included in Price. We then have:
产品销售价 |
价格不含税 |
税项 |
总计 |
|---|---|---|---|
1,000 |
909.09 |
90.91 |
1,000.00 |
注解
For a guide on configuring tax-excluded and tax-included prices for B2B and B2C customers, see B2B（不含税）和 B2C（含税）定价.
影响后续税的基数¶
If this setting is enabled, any subsequent tax applied on the same product line that has Base affected by preceding taxes will be based on a modified sales price. The exact behavior depends on whether the tax with Affect base of subsequent taxes is 包含在价格中 or not.
If Included in Price is disabled, subsequent taxes with Base affected by preceding taxes will be based on a modified sales price equal to the original sales price plus the tax amount.
Example
A product has a sales price of $1000, and we apply a 10% Percentage of Price tax with Affect base of subsequent taxes. Any subsequent tax with Base affected by preceding taxes will be based on a modified sales price of $1100.
If Included in Price is enabled, subsequent taxes with Base affected by preceding taxes will be based on a modified sales price equal to the original sales price minus the tax amount.
Example
A product has a sales price of $1100, and we apply a 10% Percentage of Price tax with Included in Price and Affect base of subsequent taxes. Any subsequent tax with Base affected by preceding taxes will be based on a modified sales price of $1000.
This setting is considered any time multiple taxes are applied to the same product line, whether via a group of taxes or multiple taxes added directly to a product line.
警告
在产品线上添加税金的顺序对计算金额的方式没有影响。如果直接在产品列上添加税收，则只有税收序列决定应用它们的顺序.
要重新排序序列，请转到 :menuselection:会计 –> 设置 –> 税收` ，然后拖放带有税款名称的行的以重新排序.
Base affected by preceding taxes¶
This setting, which is only visible in developer mode, determines whether any previous tax that affects the base of subsequent taxes will modify the sales price that this tax is based on.
注解
Taxes with Included in Price always behave as if this setting is enabled.
额外税费¶
“额外税”是一个广义的术语，指政府征收的标准税或基本税之外的额外税。这些额外税收可以是**奢侈**税、**环境**税、**进口**税或**出口关税**税等。
注解
不同国家计算这些税款的方法各不相同。我们建议您查阅所在国家/地区的相关法规，以了解如何为您的企业计算这些税款。
To compute an extra tax in Odoo, create a tax, enter a tax name, select a Tax Computation, set an Amount, and in the Advanced Options tab, enable Affect Base of Subsequent Taxes. Then, drag and drop the taxes in the order they should be computed.
Example
在比利时，环境税的计算公式为：
（产品价格 + 环境税） x 销售税。因此，在计算顺序中，我们的环境税必须*先于*销售税。在我们的案例中，我们设立了 5%的环境税（Ecotax），并将其置于比利时 21%的基础税之前。
