Coding guidelines¶
This page introduces the Odoo Coding Guidelines. Those aim to improve the quality of Odoo Apps code. Indeed proper code improves readability, eases maintenance, helps debugging, lowers complexity and promotes reliability. These guidelines should be applied to every new module and to all new development.
警告
When modifying existing files in stable version the original file style strictly supersedes any other style guidelines. In other words please never modify existing files in order to apply these guidelines. It avoids disrupting the revision history of code lines. Diff should be kept minimal. For more details, see our pull request guide.
警告
When modifying existing files in master (development) version apply those guidelines to existing code only for modified code or if most of the file is under revision. In other words modify existing files structure only if it is going under major changes. In that case first do a move commit then apply the changes related to the feature.
Module structure¶
Directories¶
A module is organized in important directories. Those contain the business logic; having a look at them should make you understand the purpose of the module.
data/ : demo and data xml
models/ : models definition
controllers/ : contains controllers (HTTP routes)
views/ : contains the views and templates
static/ : contains the web assets, separated into css/, js/, img/, lib/, …
Other optional directories compose the module.
wizard/ : regroups the transient models (
models.TransientModel
) and their viewsreport/ : contains the printable reports and models based on SQL views. Python objects and XML views are included in this directory
tests/ : contains the Python tests
File naming¶
File naming is important to quickly find information through all odoo addons. This section explains how to name files in a standard odoo module. As an example we use a plant nursery application. It holds two main models plant.nursery and plant.order.
Concerning models, split the business logic by sets of models belonging to a same main model. Each set lies in a given file named based on its main model. If there is only one model, its name is the same as the module name. Each inherited model should be in its own file to help understanding of impacted models.
addons/plant_nursery/
|-- models/
| |-- plant_nursery.py (first main model)
| |-- plant_order.py (another main model)
| |-- res_partner.py (inherited Odoo model)
Concerning security, three main files should be used:
First one is the definition of access rights done in a
ir.model.access.csv
file.User groups are defined in
<module>_groups.xml
.Record rules are defined in
<model>_security.xml
.
addons/plant_nursery/
|-- security/
| |-- ir.model.access.csv
| |-- plant_nursery_groups.xml
| |-- plant_nursery_security.xml
| |-- plant_order_security.xml
Concerning views, backend views should be split like models and suffixed
by _views.xml
. Backend views are list, form, kanban, activity, graph, pivot, ..
views. To ease split by model in views main menus not linked to specific actions
may be extracted into an optional <module>_menus.xml
file. Templates (QWeb
pages used notably for portal / website display) are put in separate files named
<model>_templates.xml
.
addons/plant_nursery/
|-- views/
| | -- plant_nursery_menus.xml (optional definition of main menus)
| | -- plant_nursery_views.xml (backend views)
| | -- plant_nursery_templates.xml (portal templates)
| | -- plant_order_views.xml
| | -- plant_order_templates.xml
| | -- res_partner_views.xml
Concerning data, split them by purpose (demo or data) and main model. Filenames
will be the main_model name suffixed by _demo.xml
or _data.xml
. For instance
for an application having demo and data for its main model as well as subtypes,
activities and mail templates all related to mail module:
addons/plant_nursery/
|-- data/
| |-- plant_nursery_data.xml
| |-- plant_nursery_demo.xml
| |-- mail_data.xml
Concerning controllers, generally all controllers belong to a single controller
contained in a file named <module_name>.py
. An old convention in Odoo is to
name this file main.py
but it is considered as outdated. If you need to inherit
an existing controller from another module do it in <inherited_module_name>.py
.
For example adding portal controller in an application is done in portal.py
.
addons/plant_nursery/
|-- controllers/
| |-- plant_nursery.py
| |-- portal.py (inheriting portal/controllers/portal.py)
| |-- main.py (deprecated, replaced by plant_nursery.py)
Concerning static files, Javascript files follow globally the same logic as
python models. Each component should be in its own file with a meaningful name.
For instance, the activity widgets are located in activity.js
of mail module.
Subdirectories can also be created to structure the ‘package’ (see web module
for more details). The same logic should be applied for the templates of JS
widgets (static XML files) and for their styles (scss files). Don’t link
data (image, libraries) outside Odoo: do not use an URL to an image but copy
it in the codebase instead.
Concerning wizards, naming convention is the same of for python models:
<transient>.py
and <transient>_views.xml
. Both are put in the wizard
directory. This naming comes from old odoo applications using the wizard
keyword for transient models.
addons/plant_nursery/
|-- wizard/
| |-- make_plant_order.py
| |-- make_plant_order_views.xml
Concerning statistics reports done with python / SQL views and classic views naming is the following :
addons/plant_nursery/
|-- report/
| |-- plant_order_report.py
| |-- plant_order_report_views.xml
Concerning printable reports which contain mainly data preparation and Qweb templates naming is the following :
addons/plant_nursery/
|-- report/
| |-- plant_order_reports.xml (report actions, paperformat, ...)
| |-- plant_order_templates.xml (xml report templates)
The complete tree of our Odoo module therefore looks like
addons/plant_nursery/
|-- __init__.py
|-- __manifest__.py
|-- controllers/
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- plant_nursery.py
| |-- portal.py
|-- data/
| |-- plant_nursery_data.xml
| |-- plant_nursery_demo.xml
| |-- mail_data.xml
|-- models/
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- plant_nursery.py
| |-- plant_order.py
| |-- res_partner.py
|-- report/
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- plant_order_report.py
| |-- plant_order_report_views.xml
| |-- plant_order_reports.xml (report actions, paperformat, ...)
| |-- plant_order_templates.xml (xml report templates)
|-- security/
| |-- ir.model.access.csv
| |-- plant_nursery_groups.xml
| |-- plant_nursery_security.xml
| |-- plant_order_security.xml
|-- static/
| |-- img/
| | |-- my_little_kitten.png
| | |-- troll.jpg
| |-- lib/
| | |-- external_lib/
| |-- src/
| | |-- js/
| | | |-- widget_a.js
| | | |-- widget_b.js
| | |-- scss/
| | | |-- widget_a.scss
| | | |-- widget_b.scss
| | |-- xml/
| | | |-- widget_a.xml
| | | |-- widget_a.xml
|-- views/
| |-- plant_nursery_menus.xml
| |-- plant_nursery_views.xml
| |-- plant_nursery_templates.xml
| |-- plant_order_views.xml
| |-- plant_order_templates.xml
| |-- res_partner_views.xml
|-- wizard/
| |--make_plant_order.py
| |--make_plant_order_views.xml
注解
File names should only contain [a-z0-9_]
(lowercase
alphanumerics and _
)
警告
Use correct file permissions : folder 755 and file 644.
XML files¶
Format¶
To declare a record in XML, the record notation (using <record>) is recommended:
Place
id
attribute beforemodel
For field declaration,
name
attribute is first. Then place the value either in thefield
tag, either in theeval
attribute, and finally other attributes (widget, options, …) ordered by importance.Try to group the record by model. In case of dependencies between action/menu/views, this convention may not be applicable.
Use naming convention defined at the next point
The tag <data> is only used to set not-updatable data with
noupdate=1
. If there is only not-updatable data in the file, thenoupdate=1
can be set on the<odoo>
tag and do not set a<data>
tag.
<record id="view_id" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">view.name</field>
<field name="model">object_name</field>
<field name="priority" eval="16"/>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<tree>
<field name="my_field_1"/>
<field name="my_field_2" string="My Label" widget="statusbar" statusbar_visible="draft,sent,progress,done" />
</tree>
</field>
</record>
Odoo supports custom tags acting as syntactic sugar:
menuitem: use it as a shortcut to declare a
ir.ui.menu
template: use it to declare a QWeb View requiring only the
arch
section of the view.
These tags are preferred over the record notation.
XML IDs and naming¶
Security, View and Action¶
Use the following pattern :
For a menu:
<model_name>_menu
, or<model_name>_menu_do_stuff
for submenus.For a view:
<model_name>_view_<view_type>
, where view_type iskanban
,form
,tree
,search
, …For an action: the main action respects
<model_name>_action
. Others are suffixed with_<detail>
, where detail is a lowercase string briefly explaining the action. This is used only if multiple actions are declared for the model.For window actions: suffix the action name by the specific view information like
<model_name>_action_view_<view_type>
.For a group:
<module_name>_group_<group_name>
where group_name is the name of the group, generally ‘user’, ‘manager’, …For a rule:
<model_name>_rule_<concerned_group>
where concerned_group is the short name of the concerned group (‘user’ for the ‘model_name_group_user’, ‘public’ for public user, ‘company’ for multi-company rules, …).
Name should be identical to xml id with dots replacing underscores. Actions should have a real naming as it is used as display name.
<!-- views -->
<record id="model_name_view_form" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">model.name.view.form</field>
...
</record>
<record id="model_name_view_kanban" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">model.name.view.kanban</field>
...
</record>
<!-- actions -->
<record id="model_name_action" model="ir.act.window">
<field name="name">Model Main Action</field>
...
</record>
<record id="model_name_action_child_list" model="ir.actions.act_window">
<field name="name">Model Access Children</field>
</record>
<!-- menus and sub-menus -->
<menuitem
id="model_name_menu_root"
name="Main Menu"
sequence="5"
/>
<menuitem
id="model_name_menu_action"
name="Sub Menu 1"
parent="module_name.module_name_menu_root"
action="model_name_action"
sequence="10"
/>
<!-- security -->
<record id="module_name_group_user" model="res.groups">
...
</record>
<record id="model_name_rule_public" model="ir.rule">
...
</record>
<record id="model_name_rule_company" model="ir.rule">
...
</record>
Inheriting XML¶
Xml Ids of inheriting views should use the same ID as the original record. It helps finding all inheritance at a glance. As final Xml Ids are prefixed by the module that creates them there is no overlap.
Naming should contain an .inherit.{details}
suffix to ease understanding
the override purpose when looking at its name.
<record id="model_view_form" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">model.view.form.inherit.module2</field>
<field name="inherit_id" ref="module1.model_view_form"/>
...
</record>
New primary views do not require the inherit suffix as those are new records based upon the first one.
<record id="module2.model_view_form" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">model.view.form.module2</field>
<field name="inherit_id" ref="module1.model_view_form"/>
<field name="mode">primary</field>
...
</record>
Python¶
警告
Do not forget to read the Security Pitfalls section as well to write secure code.
PEP8 options¶
Using a linter can help show syntax and semantic warnings or errors. Odoo source code tries to respect Python standard, but some of them can be ignored.
E501: line too long
E301: expected 1 blank line, found 0
E302: expected 2 blank lines, found 1
Imports¶
The imports are ordered as
External libraries (one per line sorted and split in python stdlib)
Imports of
odoo
Imports from Odoo modules (rarely, and only if necessary)
Inside these 3 groups, the imported lines are alphabetically sorted.
# 1 : imports of python lib
import base64
import re
import time
from datetime import datetime
# 2 : imports of odoo
import odoo
from odoo import api, fields, models, _ # alphabetically ordered
from odoo.tools.safe_eval import safe_eval as eval
# 3 : imports from odoo addons
from odoo.addons.web.controllers.main import login_redirect
from odoo.addons.website.models.website import slug
Idiomatics of Programming (Python)¶
Always favor readability over conciseness or using the language features or idioms.
Don’t use
.clone()
# bad
new_dict = my_dict.clone()
new_list = old_list.clone()
# good
new_dict = dict(my_dict)
new_list = list(old_list)
Python dictionary : creation and update
# -- creation empty dict
my_dict = {}
my_dict2 = dict()
# -- creation with values
# bad
my_dict = {}
my_dict['foo'] = 3
my_dict['bar'] = 4
# good
my_dict = {'foo': 3, 'bar': 4}
# -- update dict
# bad
my_dict['foo'] = 3
my_dict['bar'] = 4
my_dict['baz'] = 5
# good
my_dict.update(foo=3, bar=4, baz=5)
my_dict = dict(my_dict, **my_dict2)
Use meaningful variable/class/method names
Useless variable : Temporary variables can make the code clearer by giving names to objects, but that doesn’t mean you should create temporary variables all the time:
# pointless
schema = kw['schema']
params = {'schema': schema}
# simpler
params = {'schema': kw['schema']}
Multiple return points are OK, when they’re simpler
# a bit complex and with a redundant temp variable
def axes(self, axis):
axes = []
if type(axis) == type([]):
axes.extend(axis)
else:
axes.append(axis)
return axes
# clearer
def axes(self, axis):
if type(axis) == type([]):
return list(axis) # clone the axis
else:
return [axis] # single-element list
Know your builtins : You should at least have a basic understanding of all the Python builtins (http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html)
value = my_dict.get('key', None) # very very redundant
value = my_dict.get('key') # good
Also, if 'key' in my_dict
and if my_dict.get('key')
have very different
meaning, be sure that you’re using the right one.
Learn list comprehensions : Use list comprehension, dict comprehension, and basic manipulation using
map
,filter
,sum
, … They make the code easier to read.
# not very good
cube = []
for i in res:
cube.append((i['id'],i['name']))
# better
cube = [(i['id'], i['name']) for i in res]
Collections are booleans too : In python, many objects have “boolean-ish” value when evaluated in a boolean context (such as an if). Among these are collections (lists, dicts, sets, …) which are “falsy” when empty and “truthy” when containing items:
bool([]) is False
bool([1]) is True
bool([False]) is True
So, you can write if some_collection:
instead of if len(some_collection):
.
Iterate on iterables
# creates a temporary list and looks bar
for key in my_dict.keys():
"do something..."
# better
for key in my_dict:
"do something..."
# accessing the key,value pair
for key, value in my_dict.items():
"do something..."
Use dict.setdefault
# longer.. harder to read
values = {}
for element in iterable:
if element not in values:
values[element] = []
values[element].append(other_value)
# better.. use dict.setdefault method
values = {}
for element in iterable:
values.setdefault(element, []).append(other_value)
As a good developer, document your code (docstring on methods, simple comments for tricky part of code)
In additions to these guidelines, you may also find the following link interesting: http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html (a little bit outdated, but quite relevant)
Programming in Odoo¶
Avoid to create generators and decorators: only use the ones provided by the Odoo API.
As in python, use
filtered
,mapped
,sorted
, … methods to ease code reading and performance.
Propagate the context¶
The context is a frozendict
that cannot be modified. To call a method with
a different context, the with_context
method should be used :
records.with_context(new_context).do_stuff() # all the context is replaced
records.with_context(**additionnal_context).do_other_stuff() # additionnal_context values override native context ones
警告
Passing parameter in context can have dangerous side-effects.
Since the values are propagated automatically, some unexpected behavior may appear.
Calling create()
method of a model with default_my_field key in context
will set the default value of my_field for the concerned model.
But if during this creation, other objects (such as sale.order.line, on sale.order creation)
having a field name my_field are created, their default value will be set too.
If you need to create a key context influencing the behavior of some object,
choose a good name, and eventually prefix it by the name of the module to
isolate its impact. A good example are the keys of mail
module :
mail_create_nosubscribe, mail_notrack, mail_notify_user_signature, …
Think extendable¶
Functions and methods should not contain too much logic: having a lot of small and simple methods is more advisable than having few large and complex methods. A good rule of thumb is to split a method as soon as it has more than one responsibility (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_responsibility_principle).
Hardcoding a business logic in a method should be avoided as it prevents to be easily extended by a submodule.
# do not do this
# modifying the domain or criteria implies overriding whole method
def action(self):
... # long method
partners = self.env['res.partner'].search(complex_domain)
emails = partners.filtered(lambda r: arbitrary_criteria).mapped('email')
# better but do not do this either
# modifying the logic forces to duplicate some parts of the code
def action(self):
...
partners = self._get_partners()
emails = partners._get_emails()
# better
# minimum override
def action(self):
...
partners = self.env['res.partner'].search(self._get_partner_domain())
emails = partners.filtered(lambda r: r._filter_partners()).mapped('email')
The above code is over extendable for the sake of example but the readability must be taken into account and a tradeoff must be made.
Also, name your functions accordingly: small and properly named functions are the starting point of readable/maintainable code and tighter documentation.
This recommendation is also relevant for classes, files, modules and packages. (See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclomatic_complexity)
Never commit the transaction¶
The Odoo framework is in charge of providing the transactional context for all RPC calls. The principle is that a new database cursor is opened at the beginning of each RPC call, and committed when the call has returned, just before transmitting the answer to the RPC client, approximately like this:
def execute(self, db_name, uid, obj, method, *args, **kw):
db, pool = pooler.get_db_and_pool(db_name)
# create transaction cursor
cr = db.cursor()
try:
res = pool.execute_cr(cr, uid, obj, method, *args, **kw)
cr.commit() # all good, we commit
except Exception:
cr.rollback() # error, rollback everything atomically
raise
finally:
cr.close() # always close cursor opened manually
return res
If any error occurs during the execution of the RPC call, the transaction is rolled back atomically, preserving the state of the system.
Similarly, the system also provides a dedicated transaction during the execution of tests suites, so it can be rolled back or not depending on the server startup options.
The consequence is that if you manually call cr.commit()
anywhere there is
a very high chance that you will break the system in various ways, because you
will cause partial commits, and thus partial and unclean rollbacks, causing
among others:
inconsistent business data, usually data loss
workflow desynchronization, documents stuck permanently
tests that can’t be rolled back cleanly, and will start polluting the database, and triggering error (this is true even if no error occurs during the transaction)
- Here is the very simple rule:
You should NEVER call
cr.commit()
yourself, UNLESS you have created your own database cursor explicitly! And the situations where you need to do that are exceptional!And by the way if you did create your own cursor, then you need to handle error cases and proper rollback, as well as properly close the cursor when you’re done with it.
And contrary to popular belief, you do not even need to call cr.commit()
in the following situations:
- in the _auto_init()
method of an models.Model object: this is taken
care of by the addons initialization method, or by the ORM transaction when
creating custom models
- in reports: the commit()
is handled by the framework too, so you can
update the database even from within a report
- within models.Transient methods: these methods are called exactly like
regular models.Model ones, within a transaction and with the corresponding
cr.commit()/rollback()
at the end
- etc. (see general rule above if you are in doubt!)
All cr.commit()
calls outside of the server framework from now on must
have an explicit comment explaining why they are absolutely necessary, why
they are indeed correct, and why they do not break the transactions. Otherwise
they can and will be removed !
Use translation method correctly¶
Odoo uses a GetText-like method named “underscore” _( )
to indicate that
a static string used in the code needs to be translated at runtime using the
language of the context. This pseudo-method is accessed within your code by
importing as follows:
from odoo import _
A few very important rules must be followed when using it, in order for it to work and to avoid filling the translations with useless junk.
Basically, this method should only be used for static strings written manually in the code, it will not work to translate field values, such as Product names, etc. This must be done instead using the translate flag on the corresponding field.
The method accepts optional positional or named parameter
The rule is very simple: calls to the underscore method should always be in
the form _('literal string')
and nothing else:
# good: plain strings
error = _('This record is locked!')
# good: strings with formatting patterns included
error = _('Record %s cannot be modified!', record)
# ok too: multi-line literal strings
error = _("""This is a bad multiline example
about record %s!""", record)
error = _('Record %s cannot be modified' \
'after being validated!', record)
# bad: tries to translate after string formatting
# (pay attention to brackets!)
# This does NOT work and messes up the translations!
error = _('Record %s cannot be modified!' % record)
# bad: formatting outside of translation
# This won't benefit from fallback mechanism in case of bad translation
error = _('Record %s cannot be modified!') % record
# bad: dynamic string, string concatenation, etc are forbidden!
# This does NOT work and messes up the translations!
error = _("'" + que_rec['question'] + "' \n")
# bad: field values are automatically translated by the framework
# This is useless and will not work the way you think:
error = _("Product %s is out of stock!") % _(product.name)
# and the following will of course not work as already explained:
error = _("Product %s is out of stock!" % product.name)
# Instead you can do the following and everything will be translated,
# including the product name if its field definition has the
# translate flag properly set:
error = _("Product %s is not available!", product.name)
Also, keep in mind that translators will have to work with the literal values
that are passed to the underscore function, so please try to make them easy to
understand and keep spurious characters and formatting to a minimum. Translators
must be aware that formatting patterns such as %s
or %d
, newlines, etc.
need to be preserved, but it’s important to use these in a sensible and obvious
manner:
# Bad: makes the translations hard to work with
error = "'" + question + _("' \nPlease enter an integer value ")
# Ok (pay attention to position of the brackets too!)
error = _("Answer to question %s is not valid.\n" \
"Please enter an integer value.", question)
# Better
error = _("Answer to question %(title)s is not valid.\n" \
"Please enter an integer value.", title=question)
In general in Odoo, when manipulating strings, prefer %
over .format()
(when only one variable to replace in a string), and prefer %(varname)
instead
of position (when multiple variables have to be replaced). This makes the
translation easier for the community translators.
Symbols and Conventions¶
- Model name (using the dot notation, prefix by the module name) :
When defining an Odoo Model : use singular form of the name (res.partner and sale.order instead of res.partnerS and saleS.orderS)
When defining an Odoo Transient (wizard) : use
<related_base_model>.<action>
where related_base_model is the base model (defined in models/) related to the transient, and action is the short name of what the transient do. Avoid the wizard word. For instance :account.invoice.make
,project.task.delegate.batch
, …When defining report model (SQL views e.i.) : use
<related_base_model>.report.<action>
, based on the Transient convention.
Odoo Python Class : use camelcase (Object-oriented style).
class AccountInvoice(models.Model):
...
- Variable name :
use camelcase for model variable
use underscore lowercase notation for common variable.
suffix your variable name with _id or _ids if it contains a record id or list of id. Don’t use
partner_id
to contain a record of res.partner
Partner = self.env['res.partner']
partners = Partner.browse(ids)
partner_id = partners[0].id
One2Many
andMany2Many
fields should always have _ids as suffix (example: sale_order_line_ids)Many2One
fields should have _id as suffix (example : partner_id, user_id, …)- Method conventions
Compute Field : the compute method pattern is _compute_<field_name>
Search method : the search method pattern is _search_<field_name>
Default method : the default method pattern is _default_<field_name>
Selection method: the selection method pattern is _selection_<field_name>
Onchange method : the onchange method pattern is _onchange_<field_name>
Constraint method : the constraint method pattern is _check_<constraint_name>
Action method : an object action method is prefix with action_. Since it uses only one record, add
self.ensure_one()
at the beginning of the method.
- In a Model attribute order should be
Private attributes (
_name
,_description
,_inherit
,_sql_constraints
, …)Default method and
default_get
Field declarations
Compute, inverse and search methods in the same order as field declaration
Selection method (methods used to return computed values for selection fields)
Constrains methods (
@api.constrains
) and onchange methods (@api.onchange
)CRUD methods (ORM overrides)
Action methods
And finally, other business methods.
class Event(models.Model):
# Private attributes
_name = 'event.event'
_description = 'Event'
# Default methods
def _default_name(self):
...
# Fields declaration
name = fields.Char(string='Name', default=_default_name)
seats_reserved = fields.Integer(string='Reserved Seats', store=True
readonly=True, compute='_compute_seats')
seats_available = fields.Integer(string='Available Seats', store=True
readonly=True, compute='_compute_seats')
price = fields.Integer(string='Price')
event_type = fields.Selection(string="Type", selection='_selection_type')
# compute and search fields, in the same order of fields declaration
@api.depends('seats_max', 'registration_ids.state', 'registration_ids.nb_register')
def _compute_seats(self):
...
@api.model
def _selection_type(self):
return []
# Constraints and onchanges
@api.constrains('seats_max', 'seats_available')
def _check_seats_limit(self):
...
@api.onchange('date_begin')
def _onchange_date_begin(self):
...
# CRUD methods (and name_search, _search, ...) overrides
def create(self, values):
...
# Action methods
def action_validate(self):
self.ensure_one()
...
# Business methods
def mail_user_confirm(self):
...
Javascript¶
Static files organization¶
Odoo addons have some conventions on how to structure various files. We explain here in more details how web assets are supposed to be organized.
The first thing to know is that the Odoo server will serve (statically) all files located in a static/ folder, but prefixed with the addon name. So, for example, if a file is located in addons/web/static/src/js/some_file.js, then it will be statically available at the url your-odoo-server.com/web/static/src/js/some_file.js
The convention is to organize the code according to the following structure:
static: all static files in general
static/lib: this is the place where js libs should be located, in a sub folder. So, for example, all files from the jquery library are in addons/web/static/lib/jquery
static/src: the generic static source code folder
static/src/css: all css files
static/fonts
static/img
static/src/js
static/src/js/tours: end user tour files (tutorials, not tests)
static/src/scss: scss files
static/src/xml: all qweb templates that will be rendered in JS
static/tests: this is where we put all test related files.
static/tests/tours: this is where we put all tour test files (not tutorials).
Javascript coding guidelines¶
use strict;
is recommended for all javascript filesUse a linter (jshint, …)
Never add minified Javascript Libraries
Use camelcase for class declaration
More precise JS guidelines are detailed in the github wiki. You may also have a look at existing API in Javascript by looking Javascript References.
CSS and SCSS¶
Syntax and Formatting¶
.o_foo, .o_foo_bar, .o_baz {
height: $o-statusbar-height;
.o_qux {
height: $o-statusbar-height * 0.5;
}
}
.o_corge {
background: $o-list-footer-bg-color;
}
.o_foo, .o_foo_bar, .o_baz {
height: 32px;
}
.o_foo .o_quux, .o_foo_bar .o_quux, .o_baz .o_qux {
height: 16px;
}
.o_corge {
background: #EAEAEA;
}
four (4) space indents, no tabs;
columns of max. 80 characters wide;
opening brace (
{
): empty space after the last selector;closing brace (
}
): on its own new line;one line for each declaration;
meaningful use of whitespace.
"stylelint.config": {
"rules": {
// https://stylelint.io/user-guide/rules
// Avoid errors
"block-no-empty": true,
"shorthand-property-no-redundant-values": true,
"declaration-block-no-shorthand-property-overrides": true,
// Stylistic conventions
"indentation": 4,
"function-comma-space-after": "always",
"function-parentheses-space-inside": "never",
"function-whitespace-after": "always",
"unit-case": "lower",
"value-list-comma-space-after": "always-single-line",
"declaration-bang-space-after": "never",
"declaration-bang-space-before": "always",
"declaration-colon-space-after": "always",
"declaration-colon-space-before": "never",
"block-closing-brace-empty-line-before": "never",
"block-opening-brace-space-before": "always",
"selector-attribute-brackets-space-inside": "never",
"selector-list-comma-space-after": "always-single-line",
"selector-list-comma-space-before": "never-single-line",
}
},
Properties order¶
Order properties from the “outside” in, starting from position
and ending with decorative rules
(font
, filter
, etc.).
Scoped SCSS variables and CSS variables must be placed at the very top, followed by an empty line separating them from other declarations.
.o_element {
$-inner-gap: $border-width + $legend-margin-bottom;
--element-margin: 1rem;
--element-size: 3rem;
@include o-position-absolute(1rem);
display: block;
margin: var(--element-margin);
width: calc(var(--element-size) + #{$-inner-gap});
border: 0;
padding: 1rem;
background: blue;
font-size: 1rem;
filter: blur(2px);
}
Naming Conventions¶
Naming conventions in CSS are incredibly useful in making your code more strict, transparent and informative.
id
selectors, and prefix your classes with o_<module_name>
, where <module_name>
is the
technical name of the module (sale
, im_chat
, …) or the main route reserved by the module
(for website modules mainly, i.e. : o_forum
for the website_forum
module).o_
prefix.Avoid creating hyper-specific classes and variable names. When naming nested elements, opt for the “Grandchild” approach.
Example
Don’t
<div class=“o_element_wrapper”>
<div class=“o_element_wrapper_entries”>
<span class=“o_element_wrapper_entries_entry”>
<a class=“o_element_wrapper_entries_entry_link”>Entry</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
Do
<div class=“o_element_wrapper”>
<div class=“o_element_entries”>
<span class=“o_element_entry”>
<a class=“o_element_link”>Entry</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
Besides being more compact, this approach eases maintenance because it limits the need of renaming when changes occur at the DOM.
SCSS Variables¶
Our standard convention is $o-[root]-[element]-[property]-[modifier]
, with:
$o-
The prefix.
[root]
Either the component or the module name (components take priority).
[element]
An optional identifier for inner elements.
[property]
The property/behavior defined by the variable.
[modifier]
An optional modifier.
Example
$o-block-color: value;
$o-block-title-color: value;
$o-block-title-color-hover: value;
SCSS Variables (scoped)¶
These variables are declared within blocks and are not accessible from the outside.
Our standard convention is $-[variable name]
.
Example
.o_element {
$-inner-gap: compute-something;
margin-right: $-inner-gap;
.o_element_child {
margin-right: $-inner-gap * 0.5;
}
}
SCSS Mixins and Functions¶
Our standard convention is o-[name]
. Use descriptive names. When naming functions, use verbs in
the imperative form (e.g.: get
, make
, apply
…).
Name optional arguments in the scoped variables form, so $-[argument]
.
Example
@mixin o-avatar($-size: 1.5em, $-radius: 100%) {
width: $-size;
height: $-size;
border-radius: $-radius;
}
@function o-invert-color($-color, $-amount: 100%) {
$-inverse: change-color($-color, $-hue: hue($-color) + 180);
@return mix($-inverse, $-color, $-amount);
}
CSS Variables¶
In Odoo, the use of CSS variables is strictly DOM-related. Use them to contextually adapt the design and layout.
Our standard convention is BEM, so --[root]__[element]-[property]--[modifier]
, with:
[root]
Either the component or the module name (components take priority).
[element]
An optional identifier for inner elements.
[property]
The property/behavior defined by the variable.
[modifier]
An optional modifier.
Example
.o_kanban_record {
--KanbanRecord-width: value;
--KanbanRecord__picture-border: value;
--KanbanRecord__picture-border--active: value;
}
// Adapt the component when rendered in another context.
.o_form_view {
--KanbanRecord-width: another-value;
--KanbanRecord__picture-border: another-value;
--KanbanRecord__picture-border--active: another-value;
}
Use of CSS Variables¶
In Odoo, the use of CSS variables is strictly DOM-related, meaning that are used to contextually adapt the design and layout rather than to manage the global design-system. These are typically used when a component’s properties can vary in specific contexts or in other circumstances.
We define these properties inside the component’s main block, providing default fallbacks.
Example
.o_MyComponent {
color: var(--MyComponent-color, #313131);
}
.o_MyDashboard {
// Adapt the component in this context only
--MyComponent-color: #017e84;
}
CSS and SCSS Variables¶
Despite being apparently similar, CSS
and SCSS
variables behave very differently. The main
difference is that, while SCSS
variables are imperative and compiled away, CSS
variables are
declarative and included in the final output.
In Odoo, we take the best of both worlds: using the SCSS
variables to define the design-system
while opting for the CSS
ones when it comes to contextual adaptations.
The implementation of the previous example should be improved by adding SCSS variables in order to gain control at the top-level and ensure consistency with other components.
Example
$o-component-color: $o-main-text-color;
$o-dashboard-color: $o-info;
// [...]
.o_component {
color: var(--MyComponent-color, #{$o-component-color});
}
.o_dashboard {
--MyComponent-color: #{$o-dashboard-color};
}
The :root
pseudo-class¶
Defining CSS variables on the :root
pseudo-class is a technique we normally don’t use in
Odoo’s UI. The practice is commonly used to access and modify CSS variables globally. We perform
this using SCSS instead.
Exceptions to this rule should be fairly apparent, such as templates shared across bundles that require a certain level of contextual awareness in order to be rendered properly.