哥倫比亞¶

Odoo’s Colombian localization package provides accounting, fiscal, and legal features for databases in Colombia - such as chart of accounts, taxes, and electronic invoicing. The localization has the following prerequisites when using the DIAN Own Software solution with Odoo:

Be registered in the RUT (Registro Único Tributario) with a valid NIT.
Have a valid digital signature certificate approved by the ONAC.
Register and get enabled by completing the certification process required by the DIAN.

也參考

For more information on how to complete the certification process for the DIAN module, review the following webinar
Smart Tutorial - Colombian Localization
Documentation on e-invoicing’s legality and compliance in Colombia

配置¶

模組安裝¶

安裝以下模組，以獲得哥倫比亞本地化的所有功能：

名稱	技術名稱	說明
哥倫比亞 - 會計	`l10n_co`	預設財務本地化套裝。該模組為哥倫比亞本地化添加了基本會計功能：會計科目表、稅金、預扣款和身份證明文件類型。
Electronic invoicing for Colombia with DIAN	`l10n_co_dian`	This module includes the features required for integration with the DIAN as its own software, and adds the ability to generate electronic invoices and support documents based on DIAN regulations.
哥倫比亞 - 會計報告	`l10n_co_reports`	This module includes accounting reports for sending certifications to suppliers for withholdings applied.
哥倫比亞電子發票 - 使用 Carvajal	`l10n_co_edi`	This module includes the features required for integration with Carvajal. Adds the ability to generate the electronic invoices and support documents, based on DIAN regulations.
哥倫比亞 - 銷售點	`l10n_co_pos`	This module includes Point of Sale receipts for Colombian localization.

公司資訊¶

To configure your company information:

Access your company’s contact form:
- Go to the Contacts app and search for your company or;
- Go to the Settings app, activate the developer mode, and in the Companies section, click Update Info. Then, in the Contact field, click on the company name.
Configure the following information:
- 公司名稱。
- Address: Including City, Department, and ZIP code.
- Identification Number: Select the Identification Type (NIT, Cédula de Ciudadanía, Registro Civil, etc.). When the Identification Type is NIT, the Identification Number must have the verification digit at the end of the ID prefixed by a hyphen (-).
Go to the Sales & Purchase tab and configure the Fiscal Information:
- Obligaciones y Responsabilidades: Select the fiscal responsibility for the company. (O-13 Gran Contribuyente, O-15 Autorretenedor, O-23 Agente de retención IVA, O-47 Regimen de tributación simple, R-99-PN No Aplica).
- Gran Contribuyente: If the company is Gran Contribuyente, enable this option.
- Fiscal Regimen: Select the Tribute Name for the company (IVA, INC, IVA e INC, or No Aplica)
- Commercial Name: If the company uses a specific commercial name and it needs to be displayed in the invoice.

小訣竅

The data configured in the Fiscal Information section is printed in the valid fiscal PDF reports.

Electronic invoicing credentials and DIAN environment¶

To configure the user credentials to be used to connect with the DIAN’s web service and the DIAN environment, navigate to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings and scroll to the Colombian Electronic Invoicing section. Then, follow these steps:

Select DIAN: Free Service as the Electronic Invoicing Provider.
Configure the Operation Modes for the respective types of documents (electronic invoices or support documents) to be generated from Odoo. Click Add a line, then fill in the fields:
- Software Mode: the type of document to be generated with the operation mode.
- Software ID: the ID generated by DIAN for the specific operation mode.
- Software PIN: the PIN selected in the operation mode configuration in the DIAN portal.
- Testing ID: the testing ID generated by DIAN and obtained after testing the operation mode.
Configure the available Certificates to sign the electronic documents. Click Add a line, then fill in the fields:
- Name: the name of the certificate.
- Certificate: upload the certificate file in PEM format. In the Private Key field that appears on the screen, select an existing private key or create a new one. To do so, enter a key name and select Create and edit. Then, in the Create Private Key wizard, upload a valid Key file and click Save & Close.
Configure the DIAN environment; the DIAN electronic invoicing module offers four different DIAN environments to connect with:
- DIAN demo mode: This environment allows to test electronic invoicing workflows using a demo digital certificate. Files are created and accepted automatically and are not sent to any DIAN environment. Every internal validation can be tested. To activate it, tick the DIAN Demo Mode checkbox.
  
  備註
  The DIAN Demo Mode checkbox is hidden from view when the Test environment checkbox is enabled.
- 认证环境：该环境用于通过 DIAN 认证流程，并从 Odoo 获得启用状态以开具发票。要激活该环境，请同时启用测试环境和启动认证程序复选框。
- 测试环境：该环境允许在 DIAN 测试门户中重现电子发票流程和验证。要激活它，只需启用测试环境复选框。
- Production environment: This environment allows generating valid electronic documents. To activate it, disable both the Test environment and the Activate the certification process checkboxes.
  
  重要
  Do not activate DIAN Demo Mode on a production database. This mode is intended for use in test environments only.

備註

在多公司数据库中，每家公司都可以拥有自己的证书。

也參考

有关使用 Carvajal 解决方案的电子发票配置，请观看以下视频：Configuración de Facturación Electrónica - Localización de Colombia。

主数据¶

聯絡人¶

Configure the following fields on the contact form:

Identification Number (VAT): Select the identification number type and enter the identification number. If the identification number type is NIT, the identification number must include the verification digit at the end, prefixed by a hyphen (-).
Fiscal Information fields in the Sales & Purchase tab.

產品¶

Access the product’s form via Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Products and ensure that either the UNSPSC Category field (found in the Accounting tab) or the Internal Reference field (in the General Information tab) is configured.

稅項¶

要創建或修改稅種，請轉到會計 ‣ 配置 ‣ 稅項並選擇相關稅項。

If sales transactions include products with taxes, configure the Value Type field in the Advanced Options tab. Retention tax types (ICA, IVA, Fuente) are also included. This configuration is used to display taxes correctly on the invoice.

Specific tax configurations per DIAN regulations.

銷售日記賬¶

一旦 DIAN 为电子发票决议指定了正式序列和前缀，**必须**在 Odoo 中更新与发票相关的销售日记账。要执行此操作，请导航至:menuselection:会计 --> 配置 --> 日记账，然后选择一个现有的销售日记账，或使用:guilabel:`创建`按钮创建一个新的销售日记账。

在销售日记账表单中，输入日记账名称、类型，并在日记账条目选项卡中设置唯一的简码。然后，在高级设置选项卡中配置以下数据：

Electronic invoicing: enable UBL 2.1 (Colombia).
Invoicing Resolution: resolution number issued by DIAN to the company via their test set.
Resolution Date: initial effective date of the resolution.
Resolution End Date: end date of the resolution’s validity.
Range of Numbering (minimum): first authorized invoice number.
Range of Numbering (maximum): last authorized invoice number.
Technical Key: control key received from the DIAN portal test set or from their web service in case of the production environment.

When the database is configured for the production environment, instead of configuring these fields manually, click the Reload DIAN configuration button to obtain the DIAN resolution information from the DIAN web service.

重要

The short code and resolution of the journal must match the ones received in the DIAN portal test set or from the MUISCA portal.
创建第一张发票时，**必须**正确配置发票序列和前缀。Odoo 会自动为以下发票分配前缀和顺序。

採購日記賬¶

一旦 DIAN 为与供应商账单相关的*支持文件*指定了正式序列和前缀，就需要在 Odoo 中更新与其支持文件相关的采购日记账。该过程类似于配置销售日记账。

也參考

有关使用 Carvajal 解决方案支持文档期刊的更多信息，请查阅`Documento Soporte - Localización de Colombia video <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmYsFcD7xzE&list=PL1-aSABtP6ABxZshems3snMjx7bj_7ZsZ&index=8>`_。

賬目總表¶

作为本地化模块的一部分，:doc:`会计科目表</applications/finance/accounting/get_started/chart_of_accounts>`是默认安装的，会计科目自动映射为税金、默认应付账款和默认应收账款。哥伦比亚的会计科目表基于 PUC（Plan Unico de Cuentas）。

多種貨幣¶

The official exchange rate for Colombia is provided by the Banco de la República.

To enable automatic exchange rate updates, follow these steps:

Go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings.
Navigate to the Currencies section and enable Automatic Currency Rates.
Ensure that [CO] Bank of the Republic is selected as the Service.
Select an Interval for how frequently the currency rate should be automatically updated.

主要工作流程¶

電子發票¶

以下是哥倫比亞本地化電子發票主要工作流程的細分：

用户创建发票。
Odoo 会生成合法的 XML 文件。
Odoo 生成带有电子签名的 CUFE（发票电子代码）。
Odoo 向 DIAN 发送通知。
DIAN 驗證發票。
DIAN 接受或拒絕發票。
Odoo 会生成带有二维码的 PDF 发票。
Odoo 会将所附文档（包含发送的 XML 文件和 DIAN 验证响应）和有效 PDF 压缩成 .zip 文件。
用户通过 Odoo 向收单机构发送发票（:file:`.zip`文件）。

建立發票¶

備註

發票驗證前的功能工作流程不會改變電子發票引進的主要變化。

生成电子发票并发送给|DIAN|和客户。这些文件可以根据销售订单创建，也可以手动生成。要创建新发票，请进入会计 ‣ 客户 ‣ 发票并选择创建。在发票表单中，配置以下字段：

客户：客户信息。
日记账：电子发票使用的日记账。
電子發票類型：選擇文件類型。預設情況下，會選擇了 Factura de Venta。
發票資料行：指定正確稅項的產品。

重要

在创建与电子发票日记账相关的第一张发票时，需要手动将发票的*序列*更改为|DIAN|格式：前缀 + 序列。

例如，格式化从 SETP/2024/00001 到 SETP1 的序列。

完成後，點擊確認。

Electronic invoice sending¶

After the invoice confirmation, click Print & Send. In the wizard that appears, make sure to enable the DIAN and Email checkboxes to send an XML to the DIAN web service and the validated invoice to the client fiscal email and click Print & Send. Then:

The XML document is created.
The CUFE is generated.
The XML is processed synchronously by the DIAN.
If accepted, the file is displayed in the chatter and the email to the client with the corresponding .zip file.

The DIAN tab then displays the following:

Signed Date: timestamp recorded of the XML creation.
Status: Status result obtained in the DIAN response. If the invoice was rejected, the error messages can be seen here.
Testing Environment: To know if the document sent was delivered to the DIAN testing environment.
Certification Process: To know if the document was sent as part of the certification process with the DIAN.
Download: To download the sent XML file, even if the DIAN result was rejected.
Fetch Attached Document: To download the generated attached document file included in the delivered .zip file to the client.

EDI document record available in DIAN tab.

貸記單¶

貸記單的流程與發票相同。要參照發票創建貸記單，請轉到會計 ‣ 客戶 ‣ 發票。在發票上點擊加入貸記單，然後填寫以下資訊：

貸記方式：選擇貸記方式的類型。
- 部分退款：部分退款時使用此選項。
- 全額退款：如果貸記單為全額，請使用此選項。
- 全額退款並新增發票草稿：如果貸記單已自動驗證並與發票對賬，則使用此選項。原始發票將作為新的草稿被複製。
原因：輸入貸記的原因。
撤銷日期：選擇是否要為貸記單設置一個特定日期，或者是日記賬分錄日期。
使用特定日記賬：為貸記單選擇日記賬，如果想使用與原始發票相同的日記賬，則將其留空。
退款日期：如果選擇了特定日期，請選擇退款日期。