If the "data" that you means is "data" outside odoo database, then yes odoo have several.

• Filestore, is the place where Odoo are saving the images, media or pdf docs which is encrypted.
• Addons, is the place where you can save your purchased or customed module and app.

I once had a shared 1 remote postgresql database in different physical machine, and those two things i wrote above is installed along with Odoo ERP instance in other machine. In my experience, it's necessary doing it this way and until this day it's still doing good.

Best regards,

Altela (altelasoftware.com)