Regarding :what are the chapters  we needed to study  in python for ODOO  development

Must Cover these basic topics in python :

1. Python List comprehensions.
2. Python Generators and Iterators.
3. lambda,map,reduce,filter,

   enumerate,

   itertools, etc.
   (it will simplify your work).

4. Python Functional programming

5. Python Regular expressions ( master this, trust me it will come handy )
6. Python zip function & argument unpacking.
7. Args and Kwargs.

Regarding :what are the basic requirements for odoo developemt:

 To start with ODOO application development you need to be familiar with front end design, back-end, database,API etc.

1. back-end : python

2. front-end: html,css,xml,qweb, less,backbone/js

3. database : PostgreSQL

4. API: XML-Rpc

There are numerous Library used in ODOO like psycopg2,python-lxml,dateutil,pytz, python-mako,werkzeug, etc..

just explore about them if want to explore  ODOO.