Hello J._.Calhoon
You can change size of the employee badges with apply different width and height in respected qweb template.
To do changes with directly front-end you can follow below steps:
Setting  --> Technical --> User Interface --> views
Now search for print_employee_badge template and change width and height attribute of table tag.

<table style="width:200pt; height:200pt; border: 1pt solid black; border-collapse:separate; border-radius:8pt; margin:5pt">

Also you can do same with inherit template and change height and width according your need.

Thanks
Husain