How would I process the journal entry to clear a supplier invoice if we have a short term loan from the bank, but the bank pays supplier directly, and we pay the bank back in 3 months time.
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How about this?
1. Create a new Payable Account "LOAN" to represent how much money you owe the Bank.
2. Create a new Journal "SHORT TERM LOAN" which you use to "pay" the Vendor Bills as you receive notification from the Bank.
3. After the payment is registered, edit the CREDIT Journal Item to change the Partner from Vendor to Bank and the Due Date to 3 months from the Payment Date (or the date the Bank gives you) - this ensures that the amount you owe the Bank shows on the Aged Payable report correctly - correct "Vendor" and correct Date.
4. EITHER: Add a Vendor Bill for any additional charges or interest the Bank charges you, using the LOAN account as the Payable Account. If you setup the Bank to use the account you created in step 1 for Accounts Payable, Odoo will credit the correct account automatically. OR: Use Bank Reconciliation to have Odoo Journal the Interest charge credit and associated Expense debit in the account you choose.
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"Journal Entries" isn't a question - I have edited your post to show the question you have.