We do exactly this (using an Ubuntu 16 server), it's actually quiet easy to install Odoo from the packages on either Windows or Linux. Everyone accesses the system via the network or VPN, speed is still excellent over the VPN.

https://www.odoo.com/documentation/10.0/setup/install.html#setup-install-packaged

I would suggest you look at a dedicated server - doesn't need to be very powerful depending on user numbers. We've been using a reconditioned old server for the task and suppoerts 10 users easily. It will make it easier to maintain and upgrade as and when you need to.

Obvious point but think about data backup from the start.

Firstly install Odoo in the server , then all team can access this Odoo by server_IP:port from internal network, but you need check of firewall and port is open in the server