Consider paying a supplier. One click's the Pay button, and selects the bank account as the payment accound, and prints a check, and mails the check to the supplier. 

In Odoo, the "Reconcile Ref" column is automatically populated, to show that the "Suppliers Account" (Accounts Payable) has been debited, and the bank account has been credited. 

How can one track whether the check itself has been deposited? One method may be to create a "Non-Deposited Funds Account", as described in this module: https://www.odoo.com/apps/modules/7.0/npg_bank_account_reconciliation/

One would think that by entering the bank statement, it would be possible to then "reconcile" the corresponding journal entries, however bank statement reconciliation only works for invoices still in the "Open" state.