How this can be done is described in the docs:
- https://www.odoo.com/documentation/16.0/developer/reference/upgrades/upgrade_scripts.html
- https://www.odoo.com/documentation/16.0/developer/reference/upgrades/upgrade_utils.html

1. Update the Manifest File

• Change the version key to match the target Odoo version (e.g., 17.0.1.0.0).
• Update the depends list if any dependency versions have changed.

2. Refactor Python Code

• Replace deprecated APIs (e.g., use models.Model, api.model_create_multi for record creation in v17+).
• Check for changes in core model field names or method signatures.

3. Adjust XML Views

• Use xpath rather than full view overrides.
• Update view inheritance if parent views have changed (check Odoo's GitHub for view XML ID differences).

4. Migrate Security & Data Files

• Update ir.model.access.csv to reflect any new model names.
• Ensure data files still match current model field structure.

5. Update Git Branch in Odoo.sh

• Create a new branch (e.g., odoo-17-upgrade) with updated module code.
• Push to the associated repository.
• In Odoo.sh, link the branch to a new staging environment running the target Odoo version.

6. Test Everything

• Deploy to staging in Odoo.sh.
• Perform UAT (User Acceptance Testing) and automated tests if available.

7. Finalize & Deploy

• Once validated, promote the staging branch to production.