You cannot hide a column in a normal tree view based on a condition(or field) in the same record like you have mentioned here.
The reason is that, tree view consists of multiple records. For some of the records this condition can be true and for some other records the condition can be false and hence you cannot build a tree view and define a particular columns visibility by satisfying conditions of  all distinct records.

However, you can define the visibility of a column for an inline tree view based on a condition on the parent record (eg: sale order line inline tree view in the sale order form)please see the below line.

<field name="price_subtotal" attrs="{'column_invisible': [('parent.discount', '=',  False)]}"/>
in the above line 'discount' is a field in the sale.order model and parent here is sale.order record.
The field named 'price_subtotal' which exists in the inline sale order line tree view can be hidden like this.