Code :

<record id="view_partner_form_inherit" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">partner.form.inherit</field>
<field name="model">res.partner</field>
<field name="inherit_id" ref="base.view_partner_form"/>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<field name="street" position="attributes">
<attribute name="required">True</attribute>
</field>
</field>
</record>

Yes, I have restarted the server and updated the module manually. But still the changes have no effect. I wanted to make this change only in the form view "view.partner.form", for now I solved it from the "res.partner" model, even though the change works when doing it this way an error appears in the log with the following message: "Table 'res_partner': unable to set NOT NULL on column 'street'".

Hi Mario:

The error log actually means the setting "required=True" on the field already works. It's generated by sql constraint : since the field has been set to 'required', the ORM or say the database will check if any value allocated to such field before writing. If no valid value, It will raise an error like your log and abort writing into the database.

Two ways can verify:
1、Check the column's properties in pgAdmin :
open your database in pgAdmin -> go to the table 'res_partner', right-click on it -> open the 'properties' window -> click on the tab 'column' , you can see the if the option 'NOT NULL' is checked on the field 'street';

2、create a new record
You can try to create a new record , leave the field 'street' empty and save, a notification must popup at the upper right corner of the page indicating ** field can be empty.

In one word, ‘required=True’ will pass an instruction to database that the column(field) must be NOT NULL （not empty）and vice versa.