The only way to know the workflow current activity of your record is using the Print Workflow button in debug mode.

Be careful. The states are different from a wokflow activity (node). They are two things apart. The state of a record is a special field (selection type) defined in the model object. The workflow is another object relationated to the model object and reprensent a chain of steps with the live cycle of the model object. For Example a model A has:

States: Draft, Proforma, Approved, Close, Cancel.
Worfklow activities: Draft, Progress, Done, Cancelled.

When the model is in the Draft workflow activity -> could be in Draft state,
When the model is in the Progress workflow activity -> could be in Proforma or Approve state,
When the model is in the Done workflow activity -> could be in Close state,
When the model is in the Cancelled workflow activity-> could be in Cancel state.