In Odoo 18, you can configure the capacity of a storage location based on volume by utilizing custom fields, rules, and automation. Odoo doesn’t have a built-in feature for setting location capacity by volume, but this can be achieved with some customization. Here's how to implement it step-by-step:

1. Add a Volume Field to Storage Locations

You can add a custom field for volume capacity and use Odoo’s automated actions or custom modules to manage it.

Using Studio (If Available):

1. Go to Inventory > Configuration > Locations.
2. Open Odoo Studio (if enabled).
3. Add the following fields:
   • Capacity Volume (m³):
     • Field Name: x_volume_capacity
     • Type: Float
     • Label: Volume Capacity
   • Current Volume Used (m³):
     • Field Name: x_volume_used
     • Type: Float
     • Label: Volume Used
4. Save the changes.

Without Studio (Custom Module):

If Studio is unavailable, you can achieve this using a custom module. Here's an example:

pythonCopy codefrom odoo import models, fields, api

class StockLocation(models.Model):
    _inherit = 'stock.location'

    volume_capacity = fields.Float(string="Capacity Volume (m³)", help="Maximum volume the location can hold.")
    volume_used = fields.Float(string="Current Volume Used (m³)", compute='_compute_volume_used', store=True)

    @api.depends('quant_ids')
    def _compute_volume_used(self):
        for location in self:
            location.volume_used = sum(location.quant_ids.mapped(lambda q: q.quantity * q.product_id.volume))

2. Set Product Volume

Odoo already supports volume on the product level:

1. Go to Inventory > Products.
2. Open a product form view.
3. Under the Inventory tab, ensure the "Volume" field is filled in.
   • This value represents the volume of a single unit of the product.

3. Automate Volume Calculation

Ensure the total volume of products in a location doesn’t exceed its capacity:

Using Automated Actions:

1. Go to Settings > Technical > Automated Actions.
2. Create a new automated action:
   • Model: stock.quant
   • Trigger: On Update or On Creation.
   • Condition: Add a condition to check if the location's volume_used exceeds volume_capacity.
   • Action: Prevent the transaction or notify the user.
   Example Python code for the action:

   pythonCopy codeif record.location_id.volume_capacity > 0 and record.location_id.volume_used > record.location_id.volume_capacity:
       raise Warning(f"Location {record.location_id.name} has exceeded its volume capacity!")
   

Using Custom Python Constraints:

You can enforce a constraint directly in the model:

pythonCopy codefrom odoo.exceptions import ValidationError

class StockLocation(models.Model):
    _inherit = 'stock.location'

    @api.constrains('quant_ids')
    def _check_volume_capacity(self):
        for location in self:
            if location.volume_capacity > 0 and location.volume_used > location.volume_capacity:
                raise ValidationError(f"Location {location.name} has exceeded its volume capacity!")

4. Enhance Stock Operations

You can further improve the process:

1. Restrict Transfers: Add validation during stock picking to ensure the volume added to a location doesn’t exceed its capacity. Example:

   pythonCopy codeclass StockPicking(models.Model):
       _inherit = 'stock.picking'
   
       @api.constrains('move_line_ids')
       def _check_location_volume(self):
           for move_line in self.move_line_ids:
               location = move_line.location_dest_id
               if location.volume_capacity > 0 and (location.volume_used + move_line.product_id.volume * move_line.qty_done) > location.volume_capacity:
                   raise ValidationError(f"Cannot move products. Location {location.name} will exceed its volume capacity.")
   

2. Add Alerts: Use server actions or scheduled actions to alert warehouse managers if a location is close to its capacity.

5. Reporting and Dashboard

• Volume Utilization Report: Create a custom report using Odoo’s reporting tools to monitor locations’ volume utilization.
• Dashboard Widget: Add a widget showing the top locations nearing their capacity.

Final Notes

• User Training: Train warehouse staff on maintaining product volumes for accurate tracking.
• Testing: Before deploying, test the configuration in a development or staging environment.