Every year your inventory valuation has to be recorded in your balance sheet. This implies two main choices:
- the way you compute the cost of your stored items (Standard vs. Average vs. Real Price);
- the way you record the inventory value into your books (periodic vs. Perpetual).
Kostprijsbepaling
- Vaste verrekenprijs
Handeling Kostprijs per stuk Beschikbare Hvh Delta waarde Voorraadwaarde €10 0 €0 Ontvang 8 producten aan €10 €10 8 +8*€10 €80 Ontvang 4 producten aan €16 €10 12 +4*€10 €120 Lever 10 producten €10 2 -10*€10€20 Ontvang 2 producten aan €9 €10 4 +2*€10 €40 Standard Price means you estimate the cost price based on direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead at the end of a specific period (usually once a year). You enter this cost price in the product form.
- Gemiddelde prijs
Handeling Kostprijs per stuk Beschikbare Hvh Delta waarde Voorraadwaarde €0 0 €0 Ontvang 8 producten aan €10 €10 8 +8*€10 €80 Ontvang 4 producten aan €16 €12 12 +4*€16 €144 Lever 10 producten €12 2 -10*€12€24 Ontvang 2 producten aan €6 €9 4 +2*€6 €36 The Average Price method recomputes the cost price as a receipt order has been processed, based on prices defined in tied purchase orders: FORMULA (see here attached)
De gemiddelde kost veranderd niet wanneer producten het magazijn verlaten.
From an accounting point of view, this method is mainly justified in case of huge purchase price variations and is quite unusual due to its operational complexity. Your actually need a software like Odoo to easily keep this cost up-to-date.
Deze methode is voor geavanceerde gebruikers. Het vereist goede bedrijfsprocessen omdat de volgorde waarin u uw orders verwerkt de kostberekening veranderd.
- FIFO
Handeling Kostprijs per stuk Beschikbare Hvh Delta waarde Voorraadwaarde €0 0 €0 Ontvang 8 producten aan €10 €10 8 +8*€10 €80 Ontvang 4 producten aan €16 €12 12 +4*€16 €144 Lever 10 producten €16 2 -8*€10-2*€16€32 Ontvang 2 producten aan €6 €11 4 +2*€6 €44 For Real Price (FIFO, LIFO, FEFO, etc), the costing is further refined by the removal strategy set on the warehouse location or product’s internal category. The default strategy is FIFO. With such method, your inventory value is computed from the real cost of your stored products (cfr. Quantitative Valuation) and not from the cost price shown in the product form. Whenever you ship items, the cost price is reset to the cost of the last item(s) shipped. This cost price is used to value any product not received from a purchase order (e.g. inventory adjustments).
FIFO is advised if you manage all your workflow into Odoo (Sales, Purchases, Inventory). It suits any kind of users.
- LIFO (niet geaccepteerd in IFRS)
Handeling Kostprijs per stuk Beschikbare Hvh Delta waarde Voorraadwaarde €0 0 €0 Ontvang 8 producten aan €10 €10 8 +8*€10 €80 Ontvang 4 producten aan €16 €12 12 +4*€16 €144 Lever 10 producten €10 2 -4*€16-6*€10€20 Ontvang 2 producten aan €6 €8 4 +2*€6 €32 For Real Price (FIFO, LIFO, FEFO, etc), the costing is further refined by the removal strategy set on the warehouse location or product’s internal category. The default strategy is FIFO. With such method, your inventory value is computed from the real cost of your stored products (cfr. Quantitative Valuation) and not from the cost price shown in the product form. Whenever you ship items, the cost price is reset to the cost of the last item(s) shipped. This cost price is used to value any product not received from a purchase order (e.g. inventory adjustments).
LIFO is niet toegestaan buiten de verenigde staten.
Odoo allows any method. The default one is Standard Price. To change it, check Use a ‘Fixed’, ‘Real’ or ‘Average’ price costing method in Purchase settings. Then set the costing method from products’ internal categories. Categories show up in the Inventory tab of the product form.
Whatever the method is, Odoo provides a full inventory valuation in (i.e. current quantity in stock * cost price).
Periodieke voorraadwaardering
In a periodic inventory valuation, goods reception and outgoing shipments have no direct impact in the accounting. At the end of the month or year, the accountant posts one journal entry representing the value of the physical inventory.
This is the default configuration in Odoo and it works out-of-the-box. Check following operations and find out how Odoo is managing the accounting postings.
- Leveranciersfactuur
Debet Credit Activa: Voorraad 50 Activa: Uitgestelde belasting activa 4.68 Passiva: Crediteur rekeningen 54.68 - Configuratie:
- Purchased Goods: defined on the product or on the internal category of related product (Expense Account field)
- Deferred Tax Assets: defined on the tax used on the purchase order line
- Accounts Payable: defined on the vendor related to the bill
- Goederen ontvangsten
- Geen boekingen
- Verkoopfactuur
Debet Credit Inkomsten: verkochte goederen 100 Liabilities: Deferred Tax Liabilities 9 Activa: debiteuren rekeningen 109 - Configuratie:
- Revenues: defined on the product or on the internal category of related product (Income Account field)
- Deferred Tax Liabilities: defined on the tax used on the invoice line
- Accounts Receivable: defined on the customer (Receivable Account)
The fiscal position used on the invoice may have a rule that replaces the Income Account or the tax defined on the product by another one.
- Customer Shipping
- Geen boekingen
- Productieorders
- Geen boekingen
At the end of the month/year, your company does a physical inventory or just relies on the inventory in Odoo to value the stock into your books.
Create a journal entry to move the stock variation value from your Profit&Loss section to your assets.
| Debet | Credit | |
|---|---|---|
| Activa: Voorraad | X | |
| Expenses: Inventory Variations | X |
If the stock value decreased, the Inventory account is credited and te Inventory Variations debited.
Perpetual Inventory Valuation
In a perpetual inventory valuation, goods receptions and outgoing shipments are posted in your books in real time. The books are therefore always up-to-date. This mode is dedicated to expert accountants and advanced users only. As opposed to periodic valuation, it requires some extra configuration & testing.
Laten we het voorbeeld nemen van een reseller.
Configuratie:
- Accounts Receivable/Payable: defined on the partner (Accounting tab)
- Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities: defined on the tax used on the invoice line
- Revenues/Expenses: defined by default on product’s internal category; can be also set in product form (Accounting tab) as a replacement value.
- Inventory Variations: to set as Stock Input/Output Account in product’s internal category
- Inventory: to set as Stock Valuation Account in product’s internal category