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_sql_constraint not working

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3 Replies
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Volare, Tran Thinh

Hello,
I am new to Odoo and try to study some Odoo Framework 101 (the estate model) I cam across chapter 10 and play around with constraint. The api.constrains works ok but the _sql_constraints/_sql_constrains does not work at all.
from odoo import fields, models, api, exceptions


class EstatePropertyTag(models.Model):

    _name = "estate.property.tag"

    _description = "Real Estate Tag"

    name = fields.Char("Tag Name", required=True)


    '''@api.constrains('name')

    def _check_tag(self):

        for record in self:

            # Search for any OTHER record ('id', '!=', record.id)

            # that has the SAME name ('name', '=', record.name)

            domain = [('name', '=', record.name), ('id', '!=', record.id)]

            count = self.search_count(domain)

            if count > 0:

                raise exceptions.UserError("Tag name must be unique")'''


    _sql_constraints = [('unique_name', 'UNIQUE(name)', 'name must be unique!'),]

I try to restart, delete record, update module but nothing work, Does anyone have any insights ? Thanks in advance.

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Codesphere Tech

Which version?

Volare, Tran Thinh
Penulis

Don't know why Odoo Forum not letting me reply to your comments, still thanks you guys a lot for the help. Since I fork the github odoo repo directly so I get the newest Odoo 19. Thus that _sql_constrain does not work. So Ramiz Belim has the correct answer for my case.

Avatar
Ramiz Belim
Jawaban Terbai

Hello,

I think the confusion comes from the Odoo version you are using. Let me clarify:

In Odoo versions ≤18:

  • _sql_constraints is still supported and works for database-level constraints like uniqueness or check constraints.

  • Example in older versions:
    _sql_constraints = [

  •    ('unique_name', 'UNIQUE(name)', 'Name must be unique!'),

  • ]

In Odoo 19:

  • ​_sql_constraints has been removed. It no longer works.
  • ​You must use the new models.Constraint API to define database constraints.

​Example in Odoo 19:

from odoo import models, fields

class MyModel(models.Model):
    _name = 'my.model'
    _description = 'My Model'

    name = fields.Char(required=True)
    code = fields.Char(required=True)
    payment_type = fields.Selection([('cash','Cash'),('card','Card')])

    # Unique constraint on single field
    _name_unique = models.Constraint(
        'unique (name)',
        'Name must be unique!'
    )

    # Unique constraint on multiple fields
    _code_payment_unique = models.Constraint(
        'unique (code, payment_type)',
        'The combination of Code and Payment Type must be unique!'

    )



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Cybrosys Techno Solutions Pvt.Ltd
Jawaban Terbai
Hi,

The SQL constraint itself is correct, but it fails because PostgreSQL cannot create a UNIQUE index when duplicate tag names already exist in the database. When duplicates are present, Odoo does not show an error, PostgreSQL silently refuses to apply the constraint, so the model loads normally, but the UNIQUE rule is never actually enforced. Even if you restart the server or update the module, the constraint will never activate until duplicates are removed.

You can confirm this by checking the table for duplicate names and inspecting whether the UNIQUE index exists at the database level. If duplicates are found, they must be deleted or renamed before upgrading the module again. After cleaning the data, running a proper module upgrade will allow PostgreSQL to create the UNIQUE constraint normally. Once the constraint is successfully added, it will automatically prevent duplicate tag names without needing the Python @api.constrains check.

Hope it helps

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Kunjan Patel
Jawaban Terbai
Hello Tran Thinh
I hope you are doing well

SQL constraints are only created when the table is first created - Odoo doesn't add them to existing tables automatically.

To fix: Either manually add via PostgreSQL: ALTER TABLE estate_property_tag ADD CONSTRAINT unique_name UNIQUE(name); or drop the table and reinstall the module (dev only). 
Also ensure no duplicate values ​​already exist in the name column - PostgreSQL will reject the constraint if duplicates are found. After fixing, restart Odoo and upgrade the module.

I hope this information helps you

Thanks & Regards
Kunjan Patel
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