It depends on what Odoo version you're talking about
Odoo Community:
ISO/IEC 27001: Odoo Community can be hosted on a cloud but doesn't necessarily need to, you can atually run it only on your PC. Since most of the cloud part has to be done by the person implementing it, community version alone doesn't comply with this ISO.
ISO/IEC 27018: This iso requires an indepent security audit and Odoo Community being an open-source software it will really help on the audit. However ISO audits cost money and therefor have not been made on this version. If you do hire an audit, please share it with the community.
ISO/IEC 22301: Doesn't apply since Odoo Community is released under LGPLv3.
Odoo Enterprise:
Enterprise version is maintained by Odoo SA and has proprietary code therefor only Odoo SA may answer your questions. I suggest you contact them directly \by clicking here