Thanks Niyas, this is the solution: 

Use case : In the CRM app, I want to be able to filter on the task changed this week/last24H/no change in the past 30 days.

How to :

1. Create a new filter with the date you want to filter in Odoo with studio (search view). Any filter would work, we just need Studio to create a view. 

2. Open the studio view that was created (Odoo Studio: MODEL.search.inherit.VIEW customization) 

3. Change the domain :

CHANGED THIS WEEK : 

domain="[('date','<',time.strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 23:59:59')),('date','>=',(datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)).strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 00:00:00'))]"

CHANGED THIS DAY  : 

domain="[('date','<',time.strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 23:59:59')),('date','>=',(datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(hours=24)).strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 00:00:00'))]"

NO CHANGE LAST 30 DAYS

domain="[('date','<',(datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=30)).strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 00:00:00'))]"

'date' = update this field and use the name of field you need to filter.

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Example : 

domain="[('date_last_stage_update','<',time.strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 23:59:59')),('date_last_stage_update','>=',(datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)).strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 00:00:00'))]"/>

domain="[('date_last_stage_update','<',time.strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 23:59:59')),('date_last_stage_update','>=',(datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(hours=24)).strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 00:00:00'))]"/>

domain="[('date_last_stage_update','<',(datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=30)).strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%d 00:00:00'))]"/>