You can use only those fields which are defined in search view.

For this you need to pass proper key and value in context.key should like this

search_default_filter_name

Example: In res_partner search view there is one filter like this

<filter string="Persons" name="type_person" icon="terp-personal" domain="[('is_company','=',0)]"/>

If you want this filter as default pass context like this

<field name="context">{"search_default_customer":1,"search_default_type_person":1}</field>

If you don't want search_default_customer use {"search_default_type_person":1} instate of passing like this {"search_default_customer":0,"search_default_type_person":1}

You can also use field from search view

<field name="parent_id" filter_domain="[('parent_id','child_of',[self])]"/>

for use field pass context like this {"search_default_parent_id":1}

hope this will help