I did try several ways to open my form view for the current user.
First with the model res.partner and second with the model res.users. Everything that I did try opens a form for a new record (partner/user).
<record id="act_membership_my_prefs" model="ir.actions.act_window">
<field name="name">My Preferences</field>
<field name="type">ir.actions.act_window</field>
<field name="res_model">res.users</field>
<field name="view_type">form</field>
<field name="active_id">1</field>
<field name="action_id" eval="ref('base.action_res_users_my')"/>
<field name="view_id" ref="membership_my_prefs_view"/>
</record>
As you see I did try with active_id and action_id, also I did try to use the domain function.
The only relevant post I did find was this one.
https://www.odoo.com/de_DE/forum/hilfe-1/question/open-form-with-a-user-related-record-88369
Note: I don't want to inheritate existing user or partner views!