In posgresql you can use temporary views and or tables but they are not accessible from Odoo.

Odoo has it's special temporary tables, they are  typically used for wizards.  To use a temporary table you can define it as a normal class, just use the following type of inheritance:  models.TransientModel (new api) or osv.osv_memory (old api).

The views are defined as normal views.

see:
http://findnerd.com/list/view/-How-to-create-an-osv-memory-wizard-systems-in-Odoo-9-/12288/

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28237145/using-popup-window-to-get-user-inputs-and-use-those-inputs-in-buttons-function

HTH

:)