i dont recommend use replace attribute , other modules can need it , instead of this use invisible attr.

you can:

1. add invisible attribute for this field.

2. replace this field by other xpath.

for example.

<record id="view_partner_form_inherit" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">res.partner.remove.parent field</field>
<field name="model">res.partner</field>
<field name="inherit_id" ref="base.view_partner_form"/>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<!-- #1 -->
<xpath expr="//field[@name='parent_id']" position="attributes">
<attribute name="invisible">1</attribute>
</xpath>

<!-- #2
<xpath expr="//field[@name='parent_id']" position="replace"></xpath>
-->
</field>
</record>