If you want to show/hide the buttons in res.users view, you can use attrs as "Sehrish" suggested. 

But if you want to do it in a different object's view, you need to override fields_view_get method in that object and show/hide the buttons based on the currently logged-in user.

Use the following code in your object:

from lxml import etree

@api.model
def fields_view_get(self, view_id=None, view_type='form', toolbar=False, submenu=False):

    result = super(MyClass, self).fields_view_get(
        view_id, view_type, toolbar=toolbar, submenu=submenu)
    doc = etree.XML(result['arch'])
    hide = True
    if self.env.user.my_boolean:
        hide = False
    for node in doc.xpath("//button[@name='my_button']"):
        modifiers = json.loads(node.get("modifiers", '{}'))
        modifiers.update({'invisible': hide})
        node.set("modifiers", json.dumps(modifiers))
    result['arch'] = etree.tostring(doc)
    return result

This code you can use in any object to show/hide the buttons/fields/groups/tab, etc.