Hello,
Unfortunately, in Odoo 17 Community Edition, you cannot fully implement that logic (check if user is admin or viewing their own employee record) using XML alone.

Why Not?

• XML views (attrs, groups, etc.) can only react to field values, not to dynamic logic like comparing current user to a record's user_id.
• There’s no built-in XML expression like “if current user is this employee.”
  

For Example:
XML views don’t allow direct evaluation of expressions like: id == user_id.employee_id.id
because:

• XML attrs only checks field values in the current record.
• It doesn't know who the current user is unless you expose that data to the view (via a computed field).

Correct Way Using Minimal Python (with Your Insight!)

Step 1: Minimal Python Code

from odoo import models, fields

class Employee(models.Model):

    _inherit = 'hr.employee'

    is_self_or_admin = fields.Boolean(compute='_compute_is_self_or_admin')

    def _compute_is_self_or_admin(self):

        user = self.env.user

        for record in self:

            record.is_self_or_admin = (

                record.user_id.id == user.id or user.has_group('base.group_system')

            )
Step 2: Use it in XML
<odoo>

    <record id="view_employee_form_inherit_hide_private_info" model="ir.ui.view">

        <field name="name">hr.employee.form.hide.private.info</field>

        <field name="model">hr.employee</field>

        <field name="inherit_id" ref="hr.view_employee_form"/>

        <field name="arch" type="xml">

            <!-- Use xpath to locate the page by name -->

            <xpath expr="//page[@name='personal_information']" position="attributes">

                <attribute name="attrs">{'invisible': [('is_self_or_admin', '=', False)]}</attribute>

            </xpath>

        </field>

    </record>

</odoo>

Now the tab only shows if:

• The logged-in user is the employee linked to the record, or
• The user is an Admin

Thanks & Regards,
Saiyed Mahedi Abbas
Odoo Developer
Email:- saiyedmehdiabbas8@gmail.com