I believe it will be hard to hide that button but you could raise the message with a computed boolean field that depends on your field of interest , if you would like that the edition depends on a condition you could use for example

for record in self:

    if record.value == '2':

        record.boolean = True

    elif record.value == 'value to avoid edition':}

        raise Warning ('You cannot edit that value')  

  else:

     record.boolean = False      

If that is not the case, you could use a lock field and a blocked computed field with inverse computation

for record in self:
        if record.locked and record.blocked:
            raise ValidationError("You cannot edit")

               else:

                    record.blocked = False

                     record.blocked = True