The website_url field determines the URL of each Blog Post.

It is defined in the model website.published.mixin as a functional field using the function _website_url to get the value.

Functional fields are managed by Odoo, and not designed to be edited by users.

The blog.post model overrides _website_url and provides a new function:

    def _website_url(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=None):
        res = super(BlogPost, self)._website_url(cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=context)
        for blog_post in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
            res[blog_post.id] = "/blog/%s/post/%s" % (slug(blog_post.blog_id), slug(blog_post))
        return res

So you are unable to change the Blog Post URL without overriding this function.

Note: slug is a Python function that "slugifies" strings (returns a safe unicode human readable version of string suitable for forming a URL)